Department of African Languages

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Open Access
A descriptive analysis of indigenous Xitsonga music dance compound: A musicological approach
(2018-05-18) Khosa, Hanyani Aubrey; Mapaya, M. G.; Chauke, M. T.
It has been shown that indigenous music and dance can help one to vividly fathom the behaviour, values and morals of particular cultural groups, they perform their music and dance for various reasons. For instance, there are songs for hoeing, weeding, reaping, for children, of mockery, during game, protests, by the fireside interspersed with folktales, love songs and so on. All these songs are immersed in culture-bound indigenous music. The indigenous music and dance of the Vatsonga play a vital role, not only in their lives but also for others who enjoy indigenous Xitsonga music and dance. There exists, however gaps regarding documentation, preservation and notation of this music and dance practices. In this study, therefore, indigenous Xitsonga music and dance genres are analysed descriptively and documented (with notation of common songs) for posterity. A qualitative approach was used to conduct this musicological study. A study such as this one can also contribute towards African indigenous knowledge systems and be used by the Department of Education.
Open Access
Mitlhonthlo ya vutoloki ku suka eka xinghezi ku ya eka Xitsonga etikerekeni ta manguvalawa exifundzenintsongo xa Vhembe Limpopo
(2020) Rikhotso, S; Babane, M. T.; Chauke, M. T.
Ndzavisiso lowu a wu langutanile ni vutoloki etikerekeni. Vutoloki lebyi hi ntolovelo byi tirhisiwa tanihi vuhlanganisi exikarhi ka vanhu va tinxaka to hambanahambana ka swa tindzimi xikan’we ni ndhavuko wa vona. Ku ya hi Pochhaker (2014:11) theme ra vutoloki, tanihi vuhundzuluxi lebyi byi khumbaka ririmi ro sungula ku ya eka ririmi ra vayingiseri. Ku va vutoloki lebyi byi va bya risima xikan’we na ku humelela kahle, tindzimi timbirhi ta khumbeka. Xikongomelonkulu xa ndzavisiso lowu a ku ri ku xopaxopa xikan’we ni ku paluxa mitlhontlho ni swiphiqo leswi vatoloki va hlanganaka na swona etikerekeni ta manguvalawa erixakeni ra Vatsonga. Hi ku landza nhlokomhaka ya ndzavisiso lowu, dizayini ya ndzavisiso yi vile ya maendlelo ma nkoka hi xikongomelo xo lava ku hlamula swivutiso swa ndzavisiso. Maendlelo ma vuxiyaxiya na nhlokohliso wa swivutiso ma tirhisiwile ku hlengeleta vuxokoxoko bya ndzavisiso lowu. Ku kota ku fikelela ni ku humesela ehandle mitlhontlho etikerekeni hi nkarhi wa michumayelo, ku nhlokohlisiwile vatoloki va makumembirhi. Vuxokoxoko hinkwabyo byi hlayisiwile ni ku rhikhodiwa hi thepi ya mpimo na xikalo xa H4. Tikereke leti ti tirhisiweke eka ndzavisiso lowu ti hlawuriwile hi ku landza mahlawulelo ya sampulu. Ndzavisiso lowu wu humeserile yin’wana ya mitlhontlho ya vutoloki yo fana ni ya ku pfumaleka ka ku hetiseka ka ririmi, ku siyetiwa ka mahungu, rivilo ra muchumayeri, ku siyeta ni swivulwa swo kala nkoxometo na swin’wana. Mimbuyelo yi humelerisile swin’wana swa swivangelo swa mitlhontlho leyi leswaku swi va kona hi ku pfumaleka ka vatoloki lava va tokoteke eka swa vutoloki. Ku va tikereke ti va ni mitolovelo ya ku tolokisa vanhu lava va nga na vutivi bya tindzimi timbirhi hi wun’wana tlhontlho. Xin’wana xa swibumabumelo swa ndzavisiso lowu hileswaku vuleteri byi endliwa tanihi ndlela yo antswisa ntokoto wa vutoloki, xikan’we ni ku dyondzisa vatoloki hi tinxaka ta vutoloki ni maendlelo ma kona. Ndzavisiso lowu wu ni nkoka eka vatoloki, vachumayeri, kereke xikan’we na nhlengeletano. The focus of this study was church interpreting, which is commonly used to facilitate communication between individuals and groups of different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. According to Pochhacker (2004:11) the term interpreting refers to a form of translation in which a first and final rendition in another language is produced based on a one-time presentation of an utterance in a source language. For effective and efficient interpreting to take place, two languages were involved. The main aim of this study was to explore the challenges and problems faced by church interpreters in some selected charismatic churches in Vatsonga communities. The nature of this study dictated that the qualitative approach be employed in order to provide credible and trustworthy answers to its research questions. The data was collected in the natural setting of the participants. In this approach, two research techniques were used, namely, observation and interviews methods. Church observations and twenty participants were interviewed to establish the challenges they face during church sermon interpreting. All the interviews were audio-taped using the Zoom H4 digital recorder. Purposive sampling was used to select the churches and the interpreters who took part in this study. The study revealed that there were several challenges such as linguistic competence, abandonment of messages, tempo of the preachers, skipping and incomplete sentences facing church interpreters. The results revealed that some of these challenges were because church interpreters might not have received formal training on how to interpret, and that they did not have enough knowledge in interpreting. It was often assumed that anyone who speaks more than one language could be a church interpreter. A workshop was conducted as an intervention to improve the interpreting skills of the interpreters and to teach them different interpreting strategies and methods. This study would be important to the interpreters, preachers and the church congregation.
Open Access
Mpaluxo wa mbangu eka mahungutsalwa ya tsevu ya Xitsonga
(2016-02-11) Mathebula, Tsakani Mavis; Babane, M. T.; Chauke, M. T.
Open Access
Mpimanyiso wa mikongomelo ya switlokovetselo swa Xitsonga hi nkkarhi wa xihlawuhlawu na hiwa Xidemokirasi eAfrika-Dzonga
(2020-09-18) Nkuna, Nyeleti Venus; Chauke, M. T.; Babane, M. T.
Ndzavisiso lowu wu xopaxopa ntlhanu wa mihlengelo wa tibuku ta vutlhokovetseri leti tsariweke hi vatsari vo hambana. Tsalwa rin’wana na rin’wana ri xopaxopile hi ku tirhisa maendlelo ya matsalwa na vundzeni bya wona hi xikongomelo xo thumba swihlawulekisinene na nkalaswihlawulekisinene. Switlhokovetselo leswi hlawuriweke swi xopaxopiwile hi xikongomelo xo twisisa nhlokomhaka na vundzeni bya leswi mihlengelo ya vutlhokovetseri yi vulaka kumbe ku yimela swona. Maendlelo yo pimanisa tanihi maendlelo ya vuthekiniki ya matsalwa ya tirhisiwile ku tisa ku twisisa na ku hundzuluxa mavonelo hi ku xopaxopiwa ka swikhedzakhedzana leswi yelanaka. Xikongomelonkulu xa ndzavisiso i ku xopaxopa na ku kombisa mikongomelo yo hambanahambana eka mihlengelo ya ntlhanu leyi hlawuriweke. Ndzavisiso lowu wu ringetile ku humesela erivaleni mikongomelo ya vutlhokovetseri lebyi tsariweke hi nkarhi wa xihlawuhlawu na hi wa xidemokirasi tanihi loko matsalwa lama tirhisiweke ma tsariwile hi mikarhi yo hambana na malembe yo hambana. Ndzavisiso lowu wu simekiwile ehenhla ka thiyori ya Braun and Clarke ya thematiki, laha va kombisaka leswaku thiyori ya thematiki i ndlela ya ku xopaxopa hi xikongomelo xo lava ku kuma leswi nchumu wu yimelaka swona kumbe ku vula swona. Nxopaxopo lowu wu humeserile erivaleni ndlela leyi vatsari va titwisa xiswona hi nkarhi wa ntshikelelo na wa xidemokirasi eAfrika-Dzonga. Hi ku angarhela, ndzavisiso lowu wu “qualitative”. Matsalwa lama xopaxopiweke hi lama landzelaka: Chochela-mandleni (1965) hi Masebenza BJ, Macakala ya mieehleketo (1982) hi Mayevu GS, Mbita ya vulombe (1988) hi Nkondo WZ, Vutomi byi hundzulerile (1996) hi Malungana SJ na Babane MT, Ri ta pela (2009) hi Magaisa TP, Xikolokolo nguvu ya Pitori (1987) hi Magaisa JM, Rihojahoja ra vutlhokovetseri (1996) hi Marhanele MM, Nkwangulatilo II (1998) hi Makhuba NC, Mbita ya nsuku (2008) hi Nxumalo WS na Maluleke NJ, Xihungasi (1973) hi Maphalakasi GJ.
Open Access
Mpimanyiso wa vuvulavuri bya Xitsonga/Xichangana xa le Afrika-Dzonga na xa le Zimbabwe
(2013-09) Madlome, Steyn Khesani; Hlungwani, M. C.; Chauke, M. T.
See the attached abstract below
Open Access
Nkanelo wa micino ya Ndhhavuko Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka miganga ya sangwe na sengwe exifundzeni xa Chiredzi - Zimbabwe
(2017-05-18) Watungwa, Joice; Chauke, M. T.; Babbane, M. T.
This study attempts to describe and understand the nature of Xangani traditional dances in Chiredzi District of Zimbabwe. Regrettably for the Xangani not so many literal works have been produced on their dances and it is this lack of documentation that has created gaps. This research has been designed to narrow such notable gaps within the Xangani culture. In this research the major prevalent among the Xangani people, the socio-economic and political values of dances as well the instrument, dress and music that accompany the Xangani traditional dances shall be looked into significantly. To achieve this, a sample of the population was studied and the results were inferred to the generality of the whole community population. Permission was sought from the community leaders and sampled people were interviewed, their views were collected through observation. The research was triangulate to minimize bias and also ensured that efficiency was enhanced. The study considered desktop data as well as written and oral tradition as sources of information on this research.
Open Access
Nkanelo wa ndhawu ya Xitsonga exikarhi ka tindziminyingi ta Afrika-Dzhonga
(2019) Nxumalo, Julia; Chauke, M. T.; Babane, M. T.
Ku va tiko ra Afrika-Dzonga ri simekile mfumo wa xidemokirasi hi 1994 swi vile mhaka yo saseka na ku va ndzhuti wa Vantima wu vuyiseriwa evutshan’wini bya wona. Mfumo wa xidimokirasi wu katsa na timhaka ta ndzingano wa tindzimi. Ndzavisiso lowu wu kanerile timfanelo ta tindzimi ni matimba ya tindzimi tin’wana hi ku langutisa ndhawu ya Xitsonga exikarhi ka tindziminyingi ta Afrika-Dzonga. Ndzavisiso lowu wu tirhisile maendlelo ya nongonoko wa swivutiso ku hlengeleta mahungu ya nkoka. Lawa i maendlelo ya swivutiso yo tsala kunene. Hi maendlelo lawa machudeni yo ringana makumembirhi lawa ya endlaka lembe ro hetelela ra Xitsonga na lama endlaka masitasi ya Xitsonga eyunivhesiti yin’we eAfrika-Dzonga va nyikiwile maphepha ya swivutiso kutani va hlamula hi ku tsala. Mulavisisi u kotile ku kuma mahungu eka machudeni mayelana na mavonelo ya vona ya ndhawu ya Xitsonga exikarhi ka tindziminyingi ta Afrika-Dzonga. Eka ndzavisiso lowu maendlelo ya nkoka na wona ma tirhisiwile. Wonaya tirhisiwile ku kombisa mavonelo ya vatekaxiave hi ku ya tlhantlha na ku ya hlamusela hi ku enta.Maendlelo ya nxopaxopo wa switsariwa ya tirhisiwile. Hi maendlelo lawa mulavisisi u anamisile miehleketo ya yena hi ku hlaya tibuku, tipholisi na milawu leyi khumbaka timhaka ta ririmi. Ndzavisiso lowu wu tirhisile thiyori ya ‘the universality and relativity of human rights, leyi yi boxaka leswaku timfanelo ta munhu hi leti munhu a nga na tona hikuva munhu i munhu. Hi ku kongomisa, timfanelo ta munhu i masungusungu ya vumunhu. Ndzavisiso lowu i wa nkoka hikuva wu ta endla leswaku vavulavuri va tindzimi leti nga na matimba lamatsongo va tiva timfanelo ta vona.Tlhandlakambirhi, vavulavuri va tindzimi leti nga na matimba lamatsongo na vona va ta titwa leswaku ririmi ra vona i ra nkoka exikarhi ka tiko ra tindziminyingi. Hi nga dlayiseta hi ku vula leswaku vavulavuri va Xitsonga hi ku kongomisa eka ndzavisiso lowu, va ta kota ku swi vona leswaku na vona va na lunghelo mayelana na vukorhokeri na nhluvukiso wa ririmi ra vona.
Open Access
Nkanelo wa Swin'wana swa Swithopho swa Swivongo na Nkacetelo wa Swona eka Vatsonga
(2019-09-20) Mathevula, Delvah; Chauke, M. T.; Babane, M. T.
Ndzavisiso lowu wu kanela hilaha swithopo swi nga na nkucetelo hakona eka mahanyelo ya Vatsonga. Nkoka wa dyondzo leyi i ku komba Vatsonga laha va humaka kona na mahanyelo lama hlohloteriwaka hi swithopo swa swivongo swa vona. Xikongomelonkulu xa ndzavisiso lowu i ku lavisisa swin’wana swa swithopo swa swivongo swa Vatsonga na nkucetelo wa swona evuton’wini bya vanhu lava. Ntirho lowu wu ta languta swithopo swa makumembirhin’we leswi nga kona eka swivongo swa Vatsonga. Mulavisisi u hlawurile swivongo handle ko landzelela maendlelo yo karhi, kambe u ta hlawula ngopfu swivongo leswi kumekaka hi xitalo kumbe leswi taleleke hi vavulavuri eka Vatsonga. Nkanelo wa mahungu wu langute eka swihlawulekisi swa swithopo swa swivongo na nkucetelo eka vinyi va swona. Vakhegula na vakhalabye vo ringana ntlhanu eka xivongo xin’wana na xin’wana lava nga na vutivi bya matimu ya swivongo va hlokohlisiwile ku kuma swithopo na matimu ya swona eka xivongo xin’wana na xin’wana.
Open Access
Nkanelo wa swin'wana swa swixevo swa ndhavuko wa Vatsonga
(2013-09) Ngomani, Makhosani Joseph; Chauke, M. T.; Babane, M. T.
See the attached abstract below
Open Access
Nkanelo wa swiyila leswi fambelanaka ni rifu exifundenitsongo xa hlanganani
(2017-05-18) Kubayi, Sindisa Bertha; Chauke, M. T.
The study examines the taboos of death and their significance in the context of Xitsonga culture in the Hlanganani Area of the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province of South Africa. The study deals with social taboos pertaining to death and how Vatsonga perceive their dead. The principal aim of the study is to highlight the significance of taboos pertaining to death, the burial and the post-burial rites/rituals amongst Vatsonga in the Hlanganani Area. The study guarantees the continuity and resilience of the post-burial rituals. Accordingly, the study shows that the taboos are largely reflected through language. The study will recommend that the taboos as the important components of Xitsonga culture must be incorporated in the South African education system. More importantly, the study shows that language and culture are interlinked and cannot be separated. The researcher will employ the Renaissance Theory. The Renaissance Theory argues that a number of indigenous cultural identities, values and norms which used to be functional for society in the past can still be used today if properly utilised because they are the building blocks of indigenous existentiality. It is an emerging postcolonial philosophy which envisions reclaiming the glories of the African past. It posits that to think of the African life is to think of the unity of the shared perennial communitarian values. Data will collected through interviews and focus groups.
Open Access
Nkanelo wa vuhumelerisi bya pholisi ya ririmi eka dyondzo ku sukela hi nkarhi wa mfumo wa Xihlawuhlawu ku fika hi nkarhi wa xidemokirasi hi ku kongomisa eka Xitsonga
(2019-09-20) Chauke, Hlayisi Michael; Chauke, M. T.; Babane, M. T.
Vanhu vo tala va vile xiphemu lexi endleke leswaku ndzavisiso lowu wu humelela. Ndzi khensa nghamu na vana lava va ndzi hlohloteleke no ndzi seketela hi mianakanyo. Ndzi tata ku khensa eka vatswari lava va nga phuphu ya mina. Vamakwerhu lava a va ndzi khutaza eka gondzo leri a ri nga olovi, kambe va ri olovisa leswaku ndzi kota ku rhelela. Ndzi ri, xandla eka henhla xin’wana xandla! Eka wena mudzaberi wa thesisi leyi, Dokodela Chauke M.T, namuntlha ndzi dya mihandzu leyi u tikarhateke swinene hi ku chela manyoro u cheleta yi kala yi vupfa. U bile comana swikwembu swi kala swi huma kutani namuntlha ndzi thwasile hikuva nyongwa se ndzi yi khomile hi mavoko ya mina. Dokodela Babane M.T na wena u vile mupfuneti wa mudzaberi hi vutshembeki. Tatana Maluleke (Ngwenya) Tinyiko na vapfuneti va wena hi tlhelo ra ku thayipa xitsariwa lexi wa khensiwa. Hakunene u ngwenya. Sesi Kudakwashe Chirobe, nseketelo na mitirho ya wena eka vuhumelerisi bya thesisi leyi swi khenseka hi xiheri (Zvakanaka shamwari!). buti Respect Mlambo na wena sesi Kudakwashe migingiriko ya n’wina ya ku ya hala na hala ku tiyisisa leswaku xitsariwa lexi xi tixaxametisa na swilaveko swa xihofisi swi tswarile mihandzu leyinene. I vanyingi lava hoxeke xandla ehenhla ka ndzavisiso lowu, ndzi ba mandla ndzi vuyelela eka n’wina hinkwenu handle ko mi hlaya hi mavito. Ndzi tlangela ku humelerisiwa ka mafumelo ya xidemokirasi laha Afrika-Dzonga. Swi ta va swi nga hetisekangi eka mina ku va ndzi vulavula hi xidemokirasi xa Afrika-Dzonga loko vito ra Dokodela Rolihlahla Mandela ri nga boxiwangi. Hi un’wana wa tinghanakana ta valweri va ndzingandzingano wa tindzimi eka swin’wana swa swona. Ingi moya wa yena wu nga wisa hi kurhula swinene. Eku heteleleni, ndzi khensa Muvumbi tanihileswi masungulo ya vutlhari ku nga ku chava Yehovha. Hi yena loyi a ndzi tsetseleleke no ndzi hletela ku kondza ndzi gwaza.
Open Access
Nkucetelo wa mavito ya xilungu eka mathyelo ya mavito ya vanhu eka Vatsonga va le ka Muhlava
(2019-05-18) Mathebula, Onasiss; Chauke, M. T.; Babane, M. T.
Ndzavisiso lowu wu lava ku kombisa nkucetelo lowu Xilungu xi nga na wona eka mathyelo ya mavito ya vanhu eka Xitsonga. Ku thyiwa ka mavito ya munhu ku na ntikelo lowukulu eka vanhu hikuva ku komba ndhavuko, matitwelo, mitolovelo, maendlelo, ku navela na ripfumelo ra vanhu va rixaka ro karhi. Hi xitalo mavito ya tisa hungu ro karhi endyangwini, emugangeni kumbe etikweni; hileswaku hungu leri ri nga eka vito ri nga kongomisiwa eka n’wini wa vito kumbe eka vanhu van’wana erixakeni. EAfrika mavito a ya thyiwi ntsenantsena kambe ya thyiwa hikuva ya ri na nhlamuselo yo karhi. Ndzavisiso lowu wu kombisile switandzhaku swo biha leswi va ka kona loko Vatsonga va nga tirhisi mavito ya Xitsonga ku thya vana va vona. Ndzavisiso wu ta tlherile wu languta swivangelo leswi endlaka leswaku Vatsonga va thya vana mavito ya Xilungu. Xo hetelela, ndzavisiso wu langutile tindlela leti nga tirhisiwa ku endla leswaku Vatsonga va tirhisa mavito ya Xitsonga ematshan’wini ya Xilungu.
Open Access
Nxopaxopo wa maendli ya mfambo yo pfumala xiendliwa eka Xitsonga
(2017-05-18) Chirobe, Kudakwashe; Hlungwani, M. C.; Chauke, M. T.
Xikongomelonkulu xa ndzavisiso lowu i ku xopaxopa maendli ya mfambo yo pfumala xiendliwa eka Xitsonga. Maendli ya mfambo ma nga aviwa hi mitlawantsongo mimbirhi ku nga maendli ya mfambo yo tsutsuma na maendli ya mfambo yo khunguluka. Ndzavisiso lowu wu kongomisa eka maendli ya mfambo yo tsutsuma. Swi nga tlhela swi koteka ku ava maendli ku ya hi tinhlamuselo leti ma ti paluxaka, tanihi maendli ya xihlovo na maendli ya mpakaniso. Eka ndzavisiso lowu, ku kaneriwa hi maendli ya mfambo ehansi ka mitlawa mimbirhi ya maendli ma mfambo lama paluxaka maendlelo na maendli lama endzeni ka wona ma nga na nhlamuselo leyi kongomisaka eka tlhelo. Eka ntirho lowu ku kaneriwa maendli mo ringana 24. Mitlawa leyi ya tinxaka ta maendli ya mfambo yi tlhela yi aviwa hi mitlawantsongo ya mune ku nga maendli ya mfambo lama nchumu wu fambaka hinkwawo ku suka eka ndhawu yo karhi ku ya eka yin’wana, maendli ya mfambo lawa ku fambaka xirho xa nchumu wo karhi ntsena, maendli ya mfambo lama ku fambaka nchumu hi ndlela yin’we na maendli ya mfambo ya muhulahula. Mahungu ya ndzavisiso lowu ma hlengeletiwa hi ku tirhisa yin’wana ya maendlelo ya phurayimari leyi vuriwaka endlelo ra nhlokohlo (elicitation), laha ku tirhisiwaka swivulwa leswi nga vumbiwa hi swichudeni leswi dyondzaka Xitsonga swa lembe ra vunharhu eYunivhesiti ya Vhenda. Ndzavisiso lowu wu endliwa ehansi ka thiyori ya thitha (theta-theory), ku nga thiyori leyi tirhanaka na vuxaka bya riendli ni swiphemu swa swivulwa leswi ri tirhaka na swona, leswi kumekaka eka tindhawu ta nhlokomhaka na swiendliwa. Hi ku ya hi thiyori leyi, agumente yin’wana ni yin’wana yi fanela ku nyikiwa nhlamuselo (ntirho) yo karhi hi riendli. Tinhlamuselo ta kona ti katsa leti landzelaka: muendli, nkongomelo, ndhawu, muamukeri, muvabyi, tlhelo, nkarhi, mukhuva ni tin’wana na tin’wana. Eka ndzavisiso lowu ku tirhisiwa tindlela timbirhi ku xopaxopa mahungu. Ndlela yo sungula i leyi vuriwaka nxopaxopo wa nkoka hi ku landza mikongomelo (thematic qualitative analysis), kasi ya vumbirhi yi vuriwaka manyikelo ya tinhlamuselo eka tiagumente ta swivulwa hi riendli (theta-role assignment). Tiagumente hinkwato leti nga eka swivulwa swa ndzavisiso lowu, leti katsaka tinhlokomhaka, swihetisi na swilandzelandzhaku, ta kombisiwa kasi na tinhlamuselo leti tiagumente ti nyikiwaka tona hi riendli ti paluxiwa.
Open Access
Nxopaxopo wa mathyelo ma mavito ma swikolo swa le migangeni ya ka Hosi Muhlava Etzaneen
(2020-09-20) Mkhombo, Nomsa; Hlungwani, M. C.; Chauke, M. T.
Xikongomelokulu xa ndzavisiso lowu i ku kambisisa mathyelo ya mavito ya swikolo leswi kumekaka emigangeni ya hosi Muhlava, eka Masipala wa Tzaneen, eka xifundzatsongo xa Mopani, exifundzenikulu xa Limpopo. Xikongomelokulu lexi xi aviwa hi swiphemu swimbirhi leswikulu. Xosungula ku nga ku xopaxopa xivumbeko na nhlamuselo ya mavito ya swikolo swa ka Muhlava leswi thyiweke mavito ya vanhu, hi ku kongomisa eka mavito ya mani na mani na mavito ya vachaviseki. Xavumbirhi i ku lavisisa xivumbeko na nhlamuselo ya mavito ya swikolo swa ka Muhlava leswi thyiweke mavito ya swilo leswi nga riki vanhu swo tanihi milambu, tintshava, magova, tindhawu ni swin’wana ni swin’wana. Ndzavisiso lowu wu tirhisa thiyori yo hlamusela (Descriptivist Theory) leyi tumbuluxeke hi Kripke (1980). Hi ku landza Thiyori leyi vito rin’wana na rin’wana leri nga kona laha emisaveni ri na nhlamuselo yo karhi naswona ri na swivangelo leswi nga endla leswaku ri thyiwa. Ndzavisiso lowu wu endliwa hi ku landzelela xivumbeko xa nkoka. Mahungu lama nga xopaxopiwa eka ndzavisiso lowu ma hlengeletiwile hi ku tirhisa maendlo ya phurayimari, ku nga maendlelo lama kongomisaka eka ku kuma mahungu eka swihlovo swo sungula. Xitirho lexi tirhisiweke ehansi ka endlelo leri hi lexi vuriwaka inthavhiyu kumbe nhlokohliso wa swivutiso lexi endliwaka hi ndlela yo vulavurisana exikarhi ka vanhu vambirhi kumbe exikarhi ka munhu un’we na vanhu vo tala laha ku vutisiwaka swivutiso na ku nyika tinhlamulo hi ku vulavula. Swihlovo swa mina swa ndzavisiso i vavasati na vavanuna va ku huma eka miganga yo hambana ya le ka Hosi Muhlava, eka Masipala wa Tzaneen, ku nga eka Muhlava, eMariveni, eKhujwana na le Petanenge. Ku hlawuriwile vanhu lava nga vutisiwa swivutiso ku suka eka mitlawa ya vanhu leyi landzelaka: vaaki va miganga va nhungu, vaxinuna va mune na vavasati va mune, vadyondzisi va nhungu; vaxinuna va mune na vaxisati va mune, vafundhisi va nhungu; vaxinuna va mune na vaxisati va mune, na tindhuna ta nhungu. Mahungu man’wana lama nga tirhisiwa eka ndzavisiso lowu ma kumeka kusuka eka switsariwa swo tanihi tibuku, tijenali, maphephahungu na swin’wana. Eka ndzavisiso lowu ku tirhisiwile tindlela timbirhi ta ku xopaxopa mahungu, ku nga nxopaxopo wa vundzeni bya tsalwa na nxopaxopo wa nkoka hi ku landza vi mikongomelo. Endlelo ro sungula ri tirhisiwa ku longoloxa timhaka ta ndzavisiso lowu hi ku landza mikongomelo yo karhi. Endlelo ra vumbirhi ri vuriwa nxopaxopo wa vundzeni. Eka ndzavisiso lowu, endlelo leri ri tirhisiwile hi ndlela yo va ku xopaxopiwa mathyelo ya vito rin’wana na rin’wana ra lama nga hlengeletiwa hi xikongomelo xo kuma tinhlamuselo ta wona na ndlela leyi ma vumbiweke ha yona. Mbuyelo wa ndzavisiso lowu wu kumile leswaku mavito ya swikolo swa ka hosi Muhlava ma thyiwile hi xikongomelo xa ku xixima vachaviseki na ku tsundzuka mitirho leyinene leyi nga endliwa hi vanhu vo hambanahambana hi xikongomelo xa leswaku rixaka leri ra ha taka ri ta kuma matimu lama.
Open Access
Nxopaxopo wa mavito yo duvulela ya Vatsonga va le Zimbabwe
(2013-04) Mapindani, Aleck; Chauke, M. T.; Hlungwani, M. C.
See the attached abstract below
Open Access
Nxopaxopo wa mikongomelo ya matsalwa ya ntlahanu ya vutlhokovetseri lama hlawuriweke eka Xitsonga
(2014-11-03) Ngobeni, Khayizeni James; Chauke, M. T.
Open Access
Nxopaxopo wa Nkoka wa Tinsimu ta Thomas Hasani Chauke oka ku Tlakusa na ku Hluvukisa Xitsonga na Ndhavuko wa Vatsonga
(2016) Mushwana, Arnold; Chauke, M. T.; Hlungwani, M. C.
Ndzavisiso lowu wu thyiwile Nxopaxopo wa Nkoka wa Tinsimu ta Thomas Hasani Chauke eka ku Tlakusa na ku Hluvukisa Xitsonga na Ndhavuko wa Vatsonga (An Analysis of the Role of Thomas Hasani Chauke’s Songs in the Development and Promotion of Xitsonga and Vatsonga Culture). Xikongomelonkulu xa ndzavisiso lowu i ku xopaxopa vuyimbeleri bya Thomas Hasani Chauke byi wu tirheke hakona ku ku tlakusa na ku hluvukisa Xitsonga na ndhavuko wa Vatsonga hakona. Hi lembe ra 1996 Vumbiwa bya tiko lebyi byi hlohlotelaka leswaku tindzimi hinkwato ta khumen’we ta ximfumo ti fanele ku khomiwa ku ringana byi pasisiwile. Kambe loko hi xiya hi kuma leswaku tindzimi ta Vantima ta ha ri eka xiyimo xa le hansi swinene. Huvo ya Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB) leyi simekiweke ku ringeta ku tlakusa na ku vona leswaku tindzimi hinkwato ta ximfumo ta hluvuka yi kuma swisolo eka vanhu lava pumbaka leswaku ntirho wa vona wu famba hi rivilo ra rimpfana. Leswi swi endle leswaku van’watindzimi va sungula njhekanjhekisano wo lava tindlela to vona leswaku tindzimi ta Vantima ta hluvukisiwa. Eka Xitsonga, muyimbeleri wo fana na Thomas Hasani Chauke u le ku tlangeni ka xiave xikulu eka ku hluvukisa na ku tirhisa Xitsonga na ku tlakusa ndhavuko wa Vatsonga hi vuyimbeleri byakwe. Ndzavisiso ku ya hi nkoka hi wona wu nga ta tirhisiwa eka xitsalwana lexi. Tinsimu to hambanahambana leti eka nandzelelo wa yena wa Shimatsatsa leti kandziyisiweke ku suka hi 1980 ku fika hi 2014 ti ta xopaxopiwa hi ku tirhisa thiyori yo xopaxopa. Ndzavisiso lowu wu kumile leswaku Thomas Hasani Chauke u tlanga xiave xikulu swinene eka ku tlakusa na ku hluvukisa Xitsonga na ndhavuko wa Vatsonga. Matirhiselo ya yena ya ririmi na mikongomelo leyi a yimbelelaka hi yona hi swona swi nga ta kombisa mhaka leyi.
Open Access
Nxopaxopo wa onomasitiki wa leswi tsariweke eka mathekisi ya nhlangano wa mathekisi ya Bungeni-Elim exifundzenitsongo xa Vhembe, Xifundzeninkulu xa Limpopo
(2021-06-23) Mabunda, Queen; Chauke, M. T.; Babane, M. T.
Mathekisi i swin’wana swa swifambo swa mani na mani leswi tirhisiwaka ngopfu eAfrika-Dzonga. Swifambo leswi swi tirhisiwa ngopfu hi Vantima lava tshamaka etindhawini ta le makaya na le madorobeni. Mathekisi ya khavisiwile hi switsariwa swa mihlovo yo hambanahambana. Switsariwa leswi swi na mavito kumbe mahungu lawa ya kokaka mahlo ni miehleketo ya vachayeri na vakhandziyi. Xikongomelo xa ndzavisiso lowu i ku xopaxopa mavito kumbe mahungu lama tsariweke emathekisini ya le ka Nhlangano wa Mathekisi ya Bungeni-Elim exifundzenitsongo xa Vhembe eka xifundzankulu xa Limpopo. Ndzavisiso lowu wu lava ku humesela erivaleni tinhlamuselo ta switsariwa leswi nga kona eka mathekisi. Ndzavisiso lowu wu tirhisile maendlelo mambirhi ku nga endlelo ra ku xopaxopa vundzeni bya matsalwa na endlelo ra nhlokohliso wa swivutiso ku fikelela swikongomelo swa wona. Hi ku tirhisa maendlelo lawa mulavisisi u kotile ku bumabumela leswaku switsariwa a swo khavisa mathekisi ntsena kambe swi fuwile hi mahungu ya kona lawa ya nga vaka ya khomile matitwele na milorho ya mutsari wa wona. Ndzavisiso wu kombisa leswaku ku thya swi ta tshama swi ri xiphemu xa vutomi bya vanhu naswona swi ta tshama swi ri kona hilaha ku nga heriki. Mini-taxis are the most popular mode of transport in both urban and rural areas for the majority of South African black population. Most of mini-taxis are decorated with inscriptions of different fonts that are eye-catching to ignore. These inscriptions are crafted meaning-laden symbols or names with messages. The aim of this study is to analyse the significance of inscriptions on the mini-taxis with special reference to Bungeni-Elim Taxi Association in the Vhembe District in Limpopo Province. It is widely recognised in most societies across the world. Names are often not given for the sake of naming. They are crafted meaning-laden symbols that are understood by the community to which the names belong. The study of names falls under the domain of onomastics. Naming is considered as a significant and certainly an important activity. This research demonstrated the importance of names on the inscriptions of the taxi owners, drivers and commuters in several mini-taxi ranks within the jurisdiction of Bungeni-Elim Taxi Association with the aim of extracting more data about inscriptions on the mini-taxis. The researcher also used documentary method to elicit information about the names on the mini-taxi. The study will be of significance to other taxi owners, drivers as well as commuters. The study concludes by indicating that naming is part and parcel of human existence and is thus going to be with us forever.
Open Access
Nxopaxopo wa switandzhaku swa " globalisation" eka ririmi ra Xitsonga
(2019-05-18) Baloyi, Nkhensani Molina; Chauke, M. T.; Babane, M. T.
Eka ndzavisiso lowu hi kanela hi switandzhaku swa globalization eka ririmi ra Vatsonga. Ku tlhela ku langutisiwa swivangelo leswi sivelaka ku hluvuka ka ririmi, hikokwalaho ka globalization. Ku langutisiwa swivangelo swa ku lahleka ka ndhavuko wa Vatsonga na tindlela leti nga tirhisiwaka ku kucetela Vatsonga leswaku va nga tshiki ndhavuko wa vona wu nyamalala. Ndzavisiso wu kongomisiwa eka maambalelo ni mahanyelo ma vantshwa, swakudya, matshungulelo, tidyondzo, matirhiselo ma nawu wa le hubyeni na matshamelo ma ndyangu. Hi tlhela hi valanga tindlela leti nga tirhisiwaka ku tlakusa ririmi ra Xitsonga leswaku ri nga ha tekeriwi ehansi. Eka ndzavisiso lowu hi tirhisa maendlelo ma nxopaxopo wa vundzeni bya hungu kumbe ku kuma vuxokoxoko bya ndzavisiso, leswi vuriwaka “qualitative research”. Ku tlhela ku tirhisiwa maendlelo mo hlengeleta mahungu (data collection) ku suka eka matsalwa mo fana na tiatikili, maphephahungu, xiyanimoya, tijenali na thelevhixini. Hi tlhela hi tirhisa maendlelo ma nhlokohliso wa swivutiso. Ku hlawuriwile vahlokosiwa va ntlhanu ku suka eka muganga wa ka Shihambanyisi lava nga ni vutivi hi tlhelo ra nhlokomhaka leyi ku endliwaka vulavisisi hi yona. Ku tirhisiwa thiyori ya mfuwo, thiyori ya matimu na thiyori ya nxopaxopo wa mbulavulo.
Open Access
Nxopaxopo wa swivuriso swa Xitsonga swo vulavula hi swiharhi hi ku kongomisa eka ndlela leyi swi paluxaka hayona mahanyelo ni mavonelo ya vutomi ya Xitsonga
(2017-09-18) Chauke, Esther Tinyiko; Hlungwani, M. C.; Chauke, M. T.
Xikongomelo xa ndzavisiso lowu i ku xopaxopa swivuriso swa Xitsonga leswi tshuriweke ku suka eka swiharhi swa le nhoveni na swiharhi swa le kaya (swifuwo) ku endlela ku kombisa hilaha swi paluxaka mahanyelo ni mavonelo ya vutomi ya Vatsonga eka swiyenge swa vutomi leswi landzelaka: rirhandzu na vukati, mavabyi na matshungulelo ya wona, rifu na swikholwakholwana, milandzu na maahlulelo ya yona, mitirho, vusiwana, rifuwo, vukhongeri, rivengo, vukungundzwana, nyimpi, vutlhari, dyondzo, makhombo, maambalelo, swakudya na swakunwa na swin‟wana na swin‟wana. Ndzavisiso lowu wu aviwile hi swiyenge swimbirhi leswikulu, xiyenge xo sungula xi kongomisiwe eka swivuriso leswi tshuriweke ku suka eka swiharhi swa le nhoveni kasi xiyenge xa vumbirhi xi kongomisiwe eka swivuriso leswi tshuriweke ku suka eka swiharhi swa lekaya (swifuwo). Xiyenge xo sungula xi tlhela xi aviwa hi swiyengentsongo swinharhu, ku nga, xiphemu lexi vulavulaka hi swivuriso leswi tshuriweke ku suka eka swiharhi swa le nhoveni leswi dyaka swimilana ntsena, swiharhi swa le nhoveni leswi dyaka nyama, na swiharhi swa le nhoveni leswi dyaka swimilana na nyama. Xiyenge xa vumbirhi na xona xi aviwa hi swiyengentsongo swinharhu, ku nga, swivuriso swa swiharhi leswi tshuriweke ku suka eka swifuwo leswi dyaka swimilana ntsena, swivuriso swa swifuwo leswi dyaka nyama na swivuriso swa swifuwo leswi dyaka swimilana na nyama. Vuxokoxoko bya ndzavisiso lowu byi tekiwile ku suka eka Vutlhari bya Vatsonga (Machangana) ku nga tsalwa ra swivuriso swa Xitsonga leri tsariweke hi HP Junod (1978). Swivuriso leswi swi xopaxopiwa hi tihlo ra vuxoperi hi ku tirhisa maendlelo ya Lakoff, G na Johnson, M (1980) ya thiyori ya mianakanyo ya vugego (Conceptual Metaphor Theory) Eka thiyori leyi ku vuriwa leswaku mhakankulu leyi lawulaka matirhelo ya swivulwana swa vugegovutlhokovetseri a hi ririmi, kambe i mianakanyo. Thiyori leyi yi tirhisa mpananiso (cross domain mappings), laha mhaka ya nkoka ku nga xitikoxihlovo (source domain) na xitikoxikongomisiwa (target domain). Hi ku ya hi thiyori leyi, nchumu wo karhi wu twisiseka kahle hi ku wu pimanisa na wun‟wana. Hileswaku, xitikoxikongomisiwa xi twisiseka ku antswa hi ku xiya xitikoxihlovo.