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Item Open Access International Journal of Environmental Impacts : Management, Mitigation and Recovery, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2022(WIT Press, 2022) Long, Juan Jose Casares (Editor - in - Chief )Item Open Access Managing Violence of Public Transport and Logistics Industry in South Africa(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Msiza, M. L.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)The paper seeks to address challenges pertaining taxi and truck violence in the transport and logistics industry in South Africa. The taxi owners rose against government to demand COVID-19 taxi relief funds. The private car drivers were also blocked on the road carrying passengers, it was not considered whether they were carrying family or friends. The trucks violence occurred when immigrant truck drivers employed in South Africa and import goods from other countries to South Africa had free movement while the South African truck drivers are prohibited by foreign countries to get employment and drive freely. Taxi violence and truck violence is a burning issue for the department of transport, logistics and taxi industry in South Africa. Both logistics trucks and taxi industry play a vital role in transporting movement of goods and passengers. The violence started about routes and innocent passengers are caught in the crossfire. The inability by African National Congress led government to regulate taxi industry is a serious problem amongst taxi operations, passengers, and communities. The deregulations of taxi industry have brought many challenges such as violence and conflict in South Africa. This paper adopted a qualitative methodological approach to interrogating taxi violence in the chosen study location, using semi-structured interviews as a research instrument. The respondents were consenting drivers of minibus taxis who were selected using a nonprobability sampling technique. Interviews were conducted with 14 males and one female participant. The violence between truck drivers is rife, where foreign trucks are blocked, and truck drivers are assaulted. This paper conclude that there is a need for the South African government to regulate taxi industry, control of routes and prioritise South Africans as for employment in logistics industry in order to manage violence in transport industry. What emerges from this research is that the success of government's attempts to restructure and regulate the minibus-taxi industry is severely hampered by the nature of the relationships that exists within the industry and between the industry and government. There is a general feeling of hostility, fear, and lack of trust among all the parties, and the fragile nature of these relationships threatens to adversely affect the formalisation, restructuring and regulation processesItem Open Access The Intervention for Peace and Border Control Safety in South Africa(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Msiza, M. L.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)Migration control is a burning issue worldwide and a politically contested in South Africa. This paper analyses challenges of illegal immigration that poses danger and threats into South Africa which triggered the intervention of peace and border control for safety and security as a measure. The illegal migration and refugee crisis in South Africa post 1996 has reached the stage of uncontrollable situation due to lack of information about number of illegal immigrants that crosses the borders into the country. The Department of Home Affairs in South Africa fails to identify risky migrants. The illegal immigration in South Africa is caused by economic and political factors from African countries. There are potential dangers arising from illegal migration as well as unsuitable way of addressing them. Stringent border control is not a big obstacle to freedom of movement within South Africa as granting of work permits, residency permits, access to welfare provisions and social assistance are vital importance instruments for controlling, improving and limitation of free movement of people. The paper applied qualitative methodology using case study and secondary data of official documents, archival records and existing literature. In view of current situation of illegal migration and uncontrolled borders in South Africa, this paper seeks to analyse the challenges of border control and challenges in South Africa for management of border control for safety and security. The illegal immigrants posing danger and threats remain a major challenge in South Africa. This paper conclude that South Africa should implement immigration laws, introduce biometric system, build refugee camp, and build a wall at the borders to control immigrationItem Open Access The Prevailing Views of the Buffalo City College Merging on Managers and Educators(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Magadana, Z.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)Post-1994 Public Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Colleges, formerly known as Technical Colleges, were faced with the consequences of the merger process. One of the merger challenges was the resources provided to the merged institutions as there was an insufficient amount of money to run successful programmes. The study aims to explore the views prevailing from the operational plans and working conditions of managers and educators in Buffalo City College (BCC). To achieve the aim, a qualitative case study approach was employed, where interviews were used for data collection in the BCC campuses. It was discovered that the merger policies were not properly addressed as according to the FET Act no. 16 of 2006. This led to some educators not choosing to work for the College Council. Furthermore, some had grievances of accountability issues that were escalated from the College Council to the Department of Education at provincial level. Senior managers were retained under the Department of Education while other employees were appointed by the College Council. Salaries influenced decision on other educators to leave the College for industrial sector. It is recommended that the college should apply the FET Act to formulate credible and transparent policies for effective and efficient operations.Item Open Access Exploring Student Leadership Participation in Institutional Policy Making and Governance(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Njokweni, B. M.; Mzangwa, S. T.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)Since the dawn of democracy in South Africa, the government, through various policies, has sought to democratise most of its sectors, including higher education. The Higher Education Act (Act 101 of 1997) mandates higher education institutions to open the broader involvement and participation of student representative councils (SRCs) in university governance by contributing to policy making through memoranda of understanding between the university and the student populace. While students and student leaders are not deemed policy experts in university governance platforms and are not expected to possess the necessary professional training and skills to deliberate and make meaningful contributions at the executive management level, SRC members are required, by legislation, to be the collective voice of the larger student population, and thus their views are embedded in institutional policies. Not only does this stretch their limited professional understanding but it also poses impossible demands on them to meet a certain standard. This situation is, to a large extent, endorsed by mandatory government regulation which must be complied with by institutions of higher learning in South Africa. Yet these regulations and institutional statutes are silent on the ways in which the capacity and training of student leaders should be facilitated, raising the question of how their knowledge will be developed and how their contributions during the term of SRC will be measured. This paper seeks to address two important aspects relating to the institutionalisation of SRCs' involvement in policy decision-making. First, to delve into the regulatory framework which outlines student governance, and, secondly, to scrutinise the participation of student leaders in governance structures at institutions of higher learningItem Open Access Afrocentricity as a Theory for Good Governance in Africa(2022-09-14) Adejumo - Ayibiowu, O. D.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)Corruption and poverty persist in many African countries despite over two decades of implementing the donor's good governance agenda. The ineffectiveness of western approaches in Africa makes the case for institutional reforms based on theories that are compatible with African culture. The problem, however, is that while there is a proliferation of western theories of governance and development, there are few well-articulated theories emanating from African indigenous knowledge systems. In recent times, Afrocentricity has emerged as a scientific paradigm that is based on African culture and that serves African interests. Consequently, the objectives of the paper are to describe the characteristics of Afrocentricity and to present the Afrocentric principles of good governance. The methodology adopted relies mainly on secondary sources. The findings show that precolonial Africa has many democratic governance systems to learn from, and based on Africa's cultural democracies, some Afrocentric principles of good governance are brought forwardItem Open Access Environmental Barriers Affecting Students with Disabilities at a Selected South African Institution of Higher Learning(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Moleke, H.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)South African students with disabilities have and are still experiencing various challenges in their institutions of learning. These ills include environmental challenges such as lack of architectural structures like ramps, elevators, and others, which affect the students with disabilities' academic success. These barriers work contrarily with the notion of inclusion in education which seek to uphold equality as well as fair provision of services to maintain successful education for all. Additionally, the effect of environmental barriers towards students with disabilities is overlooked yet their influence has an enormous impact on these students' academic progress. Hence, there is a need to investigate the extent to which these environmental barriers affect students with disabilities in South African higher institutions of learning by using the University of Limpopo as a case in point of such institutions. A qualitative descriptive design undergirded the study; and semi-structured interviews were adopted as a data collection method. Further, six students with physical disabilities from the University of Limpopo were purposively sampled and data was analysed through a thematic content analysis (TCA). Furthermore, the environmental barriers affecting students with disabilities were identified, analysed and the possible recommendations were provided. The findings indicate that the inaccessibility of buildings and uncomfortable surfaces within the university premises are the major environmental barriers which lowering the students with physical disabilities' sense of belonging, self-esteem as well as inhibiting their academic performance. Thus, the study recommends that the institutions of higher learning should provision the students with disabilities with reasonable accommodation for successful learning purposes.Item Open Access Enablers and Constraints Women Encounter in Advancing to Senior Managerial Positions: Case of South African Military Health Institutions in the Western Cape(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Cox, R.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)South Africa has made notable progress in narrowing the gender gap in managerial positions since 2004. The percentage of women members of parliament (MP's) has increased from 33% in 2004 to 46% in 2019. However, women appear to remain underrepresented in senior management in one of South Africa's historically male-dominated departments, the Department of Defence (DOD). This study aimed to determine the enablers and constraints that women encounter in advancing to managerial positions in Military Health Institutions in the Western Cape. A mixed method was employed to answer the main research question: "What are the enabling and constraining factors women encounter in advancing to senior managerial positions"? Qualitative data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews, open-ended questionnaires and through SANDF document analysis. Biographic and background information was collected and reported as frequency statistics. The questionnaire was completed by 36 participants. Interviews were conducted with Officers Commanding (OCs), Heads of Department (HODs) of Human Resources and Regimental Sergeant Majors (RSMs) from Military Health Institutions in the Western Cape. The results were analysed according to the Micro-individual, Meso-organisational, and Macro socio-cultural levels of the multi-relational framework. It has been found that women are relatively well represented in Officer in Charge (OIC) and HOD positions, but no women to date had held an OC post. Gender equality policies are in place, and it is expected all organisations and businesses comply, including the SANDF. The SANDF neglects to comply with the legislative prescripts, as compliance ensures gender parity and diversity on all senior managerial levels, thus giving women the opportunity to contribute to the strategic objectives of the country, the DOD, and the SANDF. One limitation of the study is the low response rate, which may be attributed to the participants' busy schedules, as they were compelled to provide essential services during the national COVID-19 pandemic. It is recommended that future studies include one of South Africa's major Military Health Institutes, 2 Military Hospital in Wynberg, Cape Town, and all women officers in all areas of specialisations. Keywords: Enablers, Constraints, Gender equality, South African Military Health InstitutionsItem Open Access An Analysis of Internal Auditing as a Mechanism for Detecting and Preventing Supply Chain Management Fraud in the Public Sector(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Khoza, T. S. M.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)Amongst some of the challenges confronted in South Africa is wasteful expenditure in the public service, which has resulted in massive loss of public funds. The main problem is systemic lapses when it comes to internal processes. This is particularly seen in relation to the supply chain, where internal lapses are fully expressed. Public financial management policies such as the Municipal Finance Management Act (No. 56, 2003) and the Public Finance Management Act (No. 1, 1999) requires that public organisations to implement internal supply chain management controls which include an internal audit as a management control to evaluate the systems of supply chain management and processes. These policies aimed to ensure that processes are followed to minimize lapses and inconsistencies in supply chain management. Despite all of these measures, there has been a huge spike in terms of fraud and therefore the effectiveness of supply chain management needs to be re-evaluated. This paper argues that the major problem has to do with monitoring and evaluating the supply chain management process; and ensuring that processes are followed. The systems, policies and procedures for supply chain management are in place; however, the lapse appears to be in the monitoring thereof. The question, therefore, arises whether internal audit rules are clear, sound and implementable. This paper analyses the effectiveness of internal audits in preventing and detecting fraud in supply chain management. Fraud prevention and detection have been part of the internal audit function's responsibilities, and yet internal auditors do not have sufficient skills to understand the fraud risks as they are not expected to have the proficiency of an individual whose main responsibility is identifying and investigating fraud. The latter is possible if internal auditors could work together with but are not limited to Forensic Auditors; investigators; supply chain officers and risk officersItem Open Access South Africa's Foreign Policy During COVID-19: Evaluating Prospects of Establishing the BRICS Vaccine Centre and Intra-BRICS Cooperation(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) April, F. Y.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)The 13th BRICS Summit held in 2021 affirmed the need for intra-BRICS cooperation to implement vaccine collaboration including the establishment of the BRICS Vaccine Centre, which was initially proposed by South Africa in 2018. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the need to re-assess South Africa's foreign policy objectives in BRICS in terms of vaccine diplomacy, and implementation of the BRICS vaccine centre to its benefit. The article determines whether South Africa effectively cast its foreign policy net during COVID-19 through the BRICSs alliance. This paper utilises one of South Africa's four levels of engagement through its 2012 BRICS strategy which is to strengthen intra-BRICS cooperation from a more organizational perspective. The methodology implemented examines whether South Africa can strategically leverage intra-BRICS vaccine cooperation through COVID-19 vaccine capacity and political collaboration. Given the divergent interests of the BRICS grouping, this paper argues that pragmatism may be the best foreign policy option in navigating options for implementing a BRICS Vaccine Centre, which can act as a lever to promote South Africa's interests.Item Open Access The Broken Relationship Between the Government Machinery and its People: A Reality or a Myth?(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Mabitsela, P. W.; Raseala, P. S.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)The purpose of this paper is to clarify the breakdown of relationship between government machinery and its people as far as service delivery is concern. Service delivery is a complex and difficult task in South Africa. When politicians during local and national elections engage in elections campaign, quite often the politicians are bombarded by service delivery demands from the citizens. In turn, the politicians make elections promises to satisfy the service delivery demand of the citizens should they be elected to office. After, the election season has, the politicians elected to office rarely interact with the citizens to deliver the election promises. This can be attributed to many factors, such as breakdown of relationship between government machinery and the citizens, lack of capacity by the government machinery to deliver services to citizens amid the growing population in South Africa, break of trust between government and its citizens, poor service delivery, corruption and maladministration. The paper is conceptual and descriptive in nature, which means document and review literature on government has been used to collect data. The paper argues that the relationship between government machinery and its people is broken. The empirical results indicate that the relationship between the government and its citizens has broken.Item Open Access Barriers to Parents Supporting Children's Learning in Volksrust Circuit, Gert Sibande District in Mpumalanga Province(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Mavuso, F. T.; Malahlela, T.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)The study's goal was to discover what impediments inhibit parents from supporting their children's academic growth. The objectives for this study were to identify barriers parents face when trying to assist in children's schooling devise solutions to overcome them. The research also evaluated the procedures in three categories of schools, namely township, rural and suburban schools. The study was guided by Lafaele and Hornby's the explanatory model. The study employed a qualitative research approach within an interpretivist paradigm. A phenomenology study design was employed. Three secondary schools (suburban, township and rural) in the Volksrust Circuit were used for the research study. Six parents from each school who were members of the governing body (five from the suburban school), a principal and a Departmental Head (DH) made up the sample of participants. Semi-structured interviews and a review of the parental involvement policies' policy documents were used to gather data. They were analysed using thematic analysis. According to the study, parental involvement in children's learning is inhibited by impediments related to the school, such as reasons and methods of communication, policies on parental involvement, and instructional jargon. Parent and family-based barriers such as job dynamics, subject matter expertise, educational attainments, cultural norms and transferred responsibilities were also highlighted as barriers to parental involvement. Moreover, the research discovered that notwithstanding the willingness of parents to help their children's education, parental support in children's education is constrained by learners' age. The study concludes that parental involvement is a changing phenomenon and so schools should base their judgements on data rather than generalizations. This study suggests using digital as well as other forms of connection, changing school systems, building capacity and developing "Action Teams" so as to foster parental involvement in children's educationItem Open Access A Critical Review of Literature on the Importance of Workforce Diversity in Universities in Relation to Organizational Goals(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Majova, S.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)Universities are under pressure for a proper professional approach to managing workforce diversity as governments call to address lack of representation in the workplace guided by annual targets. However, there is little or poor progress in the critical area of employment equity to its strategic goals and objectives. This has been exacerbated by the inability of the Universities to apply diversity management practice consistently. The purpose of this study is to critically review the literature on the importance of workforce diversity in enhancing organizational goals. This literature review article further sought to ascertain the bottlenecks in the diversity management application practice to the academic staff members in Universities. Workforce diversity practice as a research subject has received little attention and its importance cannot be ignored. There is a need for a paradigm shift how workforce diversity is applied in Universities and tasked with an importance of job knowledge creation and advancement of research as well as community engagement. This is qualitative literature review study where the grounded theory as a qualitative analytical approach will be followed where themes and trends will emerge from the published journal articles. The paper addresses how to dissect the challenges of workforce diversity, effect of workforce diversity and the management of the workforce. From the thematic analysis university leaders will be able to select the most management best practices for managing diversity that could impact University goals. Further this will bring diversity management practice that enhances the importance of workforce diversity and will implement sound turnaround strategies that affirm diversityItem Open Access Human Resource Management Practices Amid COVID-19 Crisis: A Case of Botswana Public Service(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Tshukudu, T.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)This paper seeks to study the challenges of public sector human resource management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the resultant opportunities as well as the implications these have on the directions of the organisations post pandemic. A desk top research was used, and data collection was carried out in different sources exploring the impact of the COVID-19 on human resource management. Organizations had to adapt very fast to disruptions caused by the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic in both the internal and external environment of organisations. That resulted in uncertainties amongst the workforce and posed immediate threats to organizations' performances and productivity while at the same time disrupting strategies, employee relations, staffing occupational health, training and career development, compensation management. However, organizations had to navigate through the unprecedented times and thereby find new solutions to challenges across the stated areas of the operations. This paper will unravel how most of the solutions became trends of the COVID-19 era for and glimpse how these HR trends will continue to drive transformation and which new trends are emerging to shape the future of work.Item Open Access Strategies for Managing a Virtual Workforce(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Tshukudu, T.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)In today's fast-paced, ever-changing organizational environment, there is a heightened need for versatility and productivity in every situation. With the advance in technology and changing customer needs, an organization can find itself left behind the competition if it does not work smarter and faster than others in the marketplace. To keep up with these demands, many organizations have had to do away with the concept of traditional, on-site, office environments for those of virtual configuration, especially now during this COVID-19 pandemic as this allows companies to operate with lower overhead costs, capitalize on geographically dispersed talent and provide flexibility in the services they offer. This has since been a challenge to managers as they cannot have face-to-face interactions and have had to come up with new management styles to make sure the virtual workforce is performing and producing as per organisational standards.Item Open Access Occurrence of Religiosity in the Malawi Public Sector: An Analysis of Perceptions of Key Stakeholders(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Chiwamba, V. C.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (2022) Occurrence of Religiosity in the Malawi Public Sector: An Analysis of Perceptions of Key Stakeholders. Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives. 467 - 477..This study analyses the perceptions of key stakeholders regarding the occurrence of religiosity in the public sector in Malawi. It comes on the backdrop of mounting interest in workplace religiosity and spirituality globally, which is attributable to such touted benefits as improved employee performance. However, the study and practice of religiosity, a concept which in this study subsumes the concept of spirituality, has been limited to private organizations due to the western ideals of church–state separation. Within Malawi though, which in this matter is a microcosm of the African context, such principles are not entertained. This offers an opportunity to explore and leverage religion's purported potential, to address performance deficiencies and other challenges in this region's government sector. As such, the perception of key stakeholders regarding the occurrence of religiosity in the public workplace may be of critical importance as it may influence the acceptance, retention, and even exploitation of the concept to the benefit of the sector. However, there appear to be no such studies to determine how the existence of religion therein is regarded by relevant key stakeholders. Mixed methods have, therefore, been applied to collect and analyze data from stakeholders at multiple levels within the religious and public sectors, and from other pertinent bodies. The study finds that sentiments regarding the occurrence of religiosity in the public sector workplace have been categorized thus: those that are positive and accommodative, those that are neutral, and the utterly negative. The majority perceived workplace religion positively, albeit advocating caution due to religion's propensity for disruption in the workplace. Those that were utterly unaccommodating were so very few, and so insignificant. This study, therefore, concludes that unlike in other cultural contexts, religiosity is welcome in the African public sector. These findings essentially denote that the management of the public sector need not be uniform globally, but rather contingent on cultural contexts, among other factors. This paper, therefore, recommends that Malawi and countries in similar cultural settings should deliberately integrate religiosity into general public sector administration and particularly, for performance.Item Open Access Political Killings in South Africa: A Political Conundrum?(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Hlongwane, P.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)Political killings are not a new phenomenon in South Africa. The killings of politicians date back to the apartheid era when the anti-apartheid activists were deliberately purged by the previous apartheid regime. Further, political killings escalated uncontrollably in the early 1990s when violent political confrontation between the African National Congress (ANC) and Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) erupted, thus before the first democratic elections in 1994. The 1994 democratic elections were followed by a period of political calmness and peace. However, since 2011, local government elections, political violence and killings have been on the rise in South Africa. It appears that political solutions that have been identified to curtail political killings in South Africa have not been successful. Therefore, this paper questions whether political killings can be considered as a political conundrum worthy of political solutions only. To this end, the paper discusses various reasons for political killings and reflects on possible solutions. The paper is based on the review of scholarly and non-scholarly documents that are accessible to the public. This paper shows that the most common reasons for political killings are due to political intolerance, factionalism, competition for limited political positions and proliferation of illegal firearms. It is argued that although political solutions are crucial towards reducing political killings in South Africa, the justice cluster should be equally responsible for actively dealing with political killings. The paper concludes that special legislation and courts that deal with political killings should be established. At the same time, special investigative units that are well resourced need to be established on a permanent basis, to deal with political killings proactively.Item Open Access Some Initial Thoughts on Assessing Monitoring and Evaluation of the Tshwane Metropolitan Public Transportation Intervention(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Banda, M.; Wotela, K.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)Sprawled spatial patterns and fragmented infrastructure have contributed to the ineffective public transportation systems in South African cities, including Tshwane. As a response, the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) intervention is an integral component of the Public Transport strategy meant to address this challenge. Since the onset of its implementation in 2009, scholars and other interested parties have assessed the Public Transport strategy more broadly or its components or programmes. One of the components assessed is its effectiveness with regards to addressing public transportation challenges. Some of these assessments have reported positive changes in public transport operations. However, other scholars feel that public transport challenges are still evident. Therefore, the mixed messages could be the problematic monitoring and evaluation system of this intervention, either the lack or ineffective instutionalisation of the monitoring and evaluation arrangements or its alignment to the policy aim and objectives. For this reason, this research intends to assess the monitoring and evaluating arrangements for tracking and assessing the Tshwane metropolitan public transportation intervention. This paper, however, is restricted to conceptualise such a research. To do so, we undertake a thematic summative content analysis to interrogate literature on (i.) the research physical context or setting, (ii.) the research problem, and (iii.) the research knowledge gap. Further and exclusively to the research problem analysis, the paper applies the problem tree, the theory of constraint, and trend analysis to interrogating literature on ineffective public transportation systems. This interrogation provides for conceptualising an appropriate research problem statement as well as the accompanying research purpose statement and the research questions for such a research. We also propose the research strategy, design, procedure and methods as well as established frameworks that we can use to interpret the anticipated empirical results.Item Open Access Manifestation of Violence in Primary and Secondary Schools in South Africa(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Hlongwane, P.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)The level of violence at primary and secondary schools in South Africa is extremely high. As such, there is no evidence to suggest that the Department of Basic Education has been able to address the escalation of violence in schools as well as the factors that contribute towards increased levels of violent behaviour. Therefore, the primary aim of this paper was to critically analyse the various ways through which violence manifests itself in primary and secondary schools in South Africa. Secondly, the paper reflects on various factors that contribute to violent behaviour in schools. The theory of planned behaviour was applied to understand increased levels of violent behaviour at schools. This paper is conceptual because it is based on the systematic review of scholarly and non-scholarly documents on school violence. The paper reveals that school violence manifests in different ways, such as bullying, sexual assault, physical assault, murder and teen suicides. Among the key factors that contribute to violent behaviour are the use of dagga, abuse of drugs, carrying of dangerous weapons in school precincts, learners' socialisation and immediate environment. The main argument is that both primary and secondary schools should strive to control and reduce violence in schools in consultation with the justice cluster institutions to identify practical and viable solutions to school violence. Equally important, the theory of planned behaviour reveals that when school children observe that fellow erratic and problematic scholars are not penalised for their wrongdoing, it is likely that they will engage in similar misdemeanours. This suggests that whoever engages in violent behaviour should be penalised in such a manner that those who are aware of their offences and penalties will not be tempted to commit similar offences.Item Open Access South African Public Secondary School Administration Machinery: A Case of Three Educational Institutions(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2022-09-14) Modiba, N. S.; Sebola, M. P. (chief Editpr); Molokwane, T. S. (Quest Editor)This paper examines how a public secondary school administration machinery could be made more responsive to the attainment of an institution's mandate of quality instructional practice. The paper is both conceptual and empirical in nature within the qualitative research paradigm. Narrative enquiry and interviewing techniques were employed to generate data. Out of the population of 15 public secondary schools in Mopane District in Limpopo Province, South Africa, three were conveniently sampled and in each secondary school, a school principal and a deputy principal became research participants. Research findings revealed that lack of accountable institutional leadership contributes to unaligned administration machinery. Secondly, the absence of ethical institutional leadership contributes to administration machinery being in disarray. Thirdly, the absence of solidified work ethic contributes to unaligned administration machinery. Lastly, lack of consequence management for derelict of duty promotes utilisation of inappropriate administration machinery. The researcher recommends for the repurposing of administration machinery to contribute to its efficacy.