Articles

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Open Access
Shortcomings of South African Economic Growth on Poverty Alleviation and Job Creation
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Msiza, M. L.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest editor)
The paper analyses shortcomings of low economic growth that affects poverty alleviation and job creation in South Africa. After the 27 years of democracy, the South African government is still struggling to alleviate poverty within its unequal income societies. There is a massive gap of poverty imbalances between South African families especially the poor and marginalised who were previously disadvantaged by the apartheid system. The South African government introduced Grants for Old Age Pensioners, Children Support grants, Disability under the Department of South African Social Security Agency (SASSA, 1996). These are basic income grants introduced post 1994 to reduce poverty for the senior citizens, children from poor families and children whom their biological parents have passed on and the disabilities. After the apartheid era in South Africa, the grant for basic income was the main strategy to reduce poverty mostly from previously disadvantaged families being black, Indians and Coloureds South Africans. In the view of current government economic situation, this paper intends to analyse the shortcomings of South African government on economic growth for poverty alleviation and job creation. The exploring of literature review will thus address the existing shortcoming of government economic growth on poverty alleviation and job creation that seeks to address previous economic injustice. The unemployment remains a major challenge in South Africa. Job creation is declining after the tragedic strike of covid-19 pandemic. This paper conclude that the government’s fight against poverty and job creation will depend on the government’s fight against corruption, deportation of illegal immigrants, build institutions and open the apartheid-built factories which were closed post-1994 to operate and centralise tenders to public works to create jobs.
Open Access
Performance of Informal Settlement Upgrading Projects in South Africa: The Case of Soshanguve Extension 3, City of Tshwane
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Mathebula, E.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
Despite the adoption and implementation of upgrading and the delivery of mass public housing in South Africa, the number of informal settlements is still swelling. It is against this background that the paper intends to provide critical analysis of the upgrading projects beneficiaries' perceptions regarding the general performance of an informal settlement upgrading project in Soshanguve Extension 3. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach to capture perceptions of informal settlement upgrading beneficiaries concerning the impact of such upgrading in their lives and livelihoods. A household survey questionnaire was utilised with 60 randomly sampled households for the quantitative aspect of the research. Purposive sampling was applied for the qualitative aspect with one focus group discussion and one in-depth interview with a community leader. The key study findings revealed that the upgrading in Soshanguve Extension 3 presented a generally acceptable access level to certain basic services and housing infrastructure. Furthermore, the upgrading project in Soshanguve Extension 3 deviated from certain key principles acknowledged by Turner and adopted in South Africa housing upgrading policies, such as: limiting dweller participation and freedom to build; as well as failure to improve dwellers' economic standing. The main study recommendation is the augmentation for the freedom to build and dweller control in the housing provision facilitated through self-build in which government create enabling environment for dwellers to build their own houses
Open Access
Challenges Related to Capacity in Local Government Administration: The Continuing Tussle Between Insulated and Non-Insulated Local Government Public Service Leadership
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Motebang, S. M.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane. T. (Quest Editor)
This paper reports on the extent to which an insulated or non-insulated public service leadership in local government in South Africa is a relevant determinant of stability and service delivery. This analysis was done in the context of a high turnover of local government leadership and poor service delivery. The author posits that there is adequate and capable leadership available to successfully steer development in local government. However, the inability of political leadership to find a balance between an insulated and non-insulted public service has led to unstable local government. The paper used a comparative desktop methodology to compare the tenure of municipal managers of three metropolitan municipalities in Gauteng province since 2001. The study analysed documents that are in the public domain, such as newspapers, legislation, regulations and records of Council resolutions, according to the applicable theories. The conclusion is that the tussle between insulated and non-insulated leadership is ongoing. The tussle is evidenced by overbearing political influence that limits the space for public servants to be fully efficient. The controls against such influences are neither adhered to, nor adequately enforced.
Open Access
An Analysis of Oral Presentation at the Universities of Technology in South Africa: Communication Skills for Audit Qualifications
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Motubatse, K. N.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
The purpose of this paper is to analyse oral presentation at the Universities of Technology (UoTs) in South Africa. The paper does so by analysing the impact of oral presentation through the role of facilitation and teaching of oral presentation; and the assessment of oral presentation. On one hand, the study is significant given that education is a vital pillar of sustainable development; hence, the study identifies the problem that oral presentation is not underscored in the auditing curriculum to empower the students with communication skills and confidence in public speaking of subject content. On the other hand, there still no evidence of how oral presentations are facilitated and assessed from the subject outline in communication skills. Adopting a content analysis as a research methodology and review of related literature, is apparent that the study focuses on the description of concepts that explains the oral presentations and rubrics. Findings from the analysis of literature shows lack of practical demonstration of oral presentation and lack of transparency in the assessment of oral presentation. In conclusion, the study recommends the implications of oral presentations as imperative for lifelong learning, time management, public speaking, self-confidence and critical thinking
Open Access
Governance and Sustainability of Entrepreneurship During the Covid-19 Era in South Africa
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Musasa, G.; Modiba, F. S.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
Globally governments have been putting efforts to sustain economies heavily affected by the Covid- 19 pandemic, particularly entrepreneurial-based activities. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine how governance in South Africa affected creative industries during the Covid-19 era. This article argues that a country can only sustain and benefit from the growth potential of creative industries when there is good governance and a clear model of development assistance during the Covid-19 era. A systematic literature review was conducted to source qualitative data using grey literature of media sources. The review was guided by the following questions: what governance issues affected creative industries during the Covid-19 era? And to what extent did the latter affect this sector during the Covid-19 lockdowns? Results show that poor governance coupled with corruption and the lack of a clear development assistance model affected the creative industries' activities and livelihoods, and further impacted their sustainability. A conceptual policy model is proposed to assist and sustain creative industries during and post-Covid-19 era to increase entrepreneurial activities and rebuild the economy
Open Access
A Historical Critical Analysis of Weberianism in Ethnic Entrepreneurship in South Africa: An Essay
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Mafukata, M. A.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T, (Quest Editor); Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
This paper interrogated Weberianism and how this ideology was adopted by the architects of apartheid to engineer a race-based economic system in South Africa. The paper used desktop method to collect qualitative literature. Historical Critical Analysis (HCA) theory was adopted for the study. A few successful Black entrepreneurs were handpicked to demonstrate entrepreneurial abilities of Black people who conquered multiple challenges and complexities to establish successful enterprises. The finding refuted Weber's views and Weberian-apartheid assertions about Black capabilities on entrepreneurship. It was evident following the historical critical analysis that exclusion of Blacks from mainstream entrepreneurship was informed by a long time held belief of Weberian thought patterns. It is recommended that the post-apartheid state should prioritise fast-tracking the empowerment of Black entrepreneurs so as to integrate them in mainstream entrepreneurial system. Further research on Black entrepreneurship should seek to focus on the strategies used by successful Black entrepreneurs who conquered apartheid for their successes
Open Access
Regulating E-Commerce Transport Businesses: A Case Study of Uber in South Africa
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Ntoyanto, S.S.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
This article contributes to the debate of government regulation versus market self-regulation in South Africa by focusing on the app-based transport business Uber. The article examines the challenges which the government has encountered in developing a regulatory framework for transport app e-hailing business and similar businesses. The author considered some international perspectives in order to unpack how other governments have tackled this challenge. The role of the government is to control the business environment by providing regulations which promote business establishment, free markets, fair competition, and consumer protection. As a result of globalisation and consumer demands, Uber has taken a foothold in South Africa and with it, a new challenge has emerged for the State as a regulator. The challenge is now on government to navigate the complex slippery slope of over or under regulation of e-commerce. This article is underpinned by the Stakeholder theory as its theoretical lens. This article is based on primary and secondary desktop information including existing policy, parliamentary reports, peer reviewed articles, academic books, news reports, government policy documents. The author uses context analysis in order to consider the implications of government regulation on Uber in line with the National Land Transport Amendment Bill. The author examines the proposed Bill to regulate Uber and other application-based transport businesses in South Africa. The paper assesses the role the government should play in proactive regulation by considering the advantage and limitations of this role. Finally, the paper draws on lessons from the international perspective by examining their regulation of Uber and the outcomes of some of their regulatory approaches.
Open Access
Towards Correlating Subnational Legislative Oversight and Service Delivery as Subnational Level: The Case of Gauteng Province
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Ntshabeleng, M.; Wolela, K.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
Legislatures and parliaments are critical democratic governance avenues for accountability and intervene, at policy level, to address the needs of the electorate. Legislative oversight literature provides a reflection on the effectiveness of legislative oversight and the factors underlying such effectiveness as well as its impact on the political posture. However, there is limited interrogation on the role that effective legislative oversight plays on service delivery. Therefore, this paper seeks to conceptualise an empirical research that interrogates the role of effective legislative oversight on service delivery using the Gauteng Provincial Legislature as a case study. To this end, the paper employs a summative thematic content analysis to interrogate the research problem and expose the knowledge gap on this subject. Specifically, to draw out the symptoms and the underlying causes of ineffective legislative oversight as well as the consequences, we make use of the systems thinking – more specifically the problem tree and the theory of constraints. We then use our research problem analysis as well as our research knowledge gap analysis to suggest an appropriate research problem statement, research purpose statement, and the research questions for such as study. We also propose an appropriate research strategy, design, procedure, and methods, as well as the interpretive frameworks that could appropriately guide and serve the empirical part of such a research.
Open Access
Some Initial Thoughts on the Implementation and Management of the Public Employment Service Within Gauteng Department of Labour
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Khomo, S. G.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
Without a doubt, the implementation, management, and accountability of the recruitment and placement intervention – an intervention that applies to all public and private sectors of the economy – has improved with the introduction of monitoring and evaluation. However, discrepancies still linger in the Gauteng Provincial Department of Labour's recruitment and placement efforts. Unfortunately, other than persistent high unemployment in the province, there is limited evidence to show the ineffectiveness of the intervention in Gauteng. This paper provides some initial thoughts towards conceptualising research that consequently should interrogate the implementation and management of the recruitment and placement intervention in Gauteng Department of Labour. Generally, the paper employs a summative thematic content analysis of literature around this issue focussing focuses on (i) the research physical context or setting, (ii) the research problem, and (iii) past and current studies that have attempted to evaluate this intervention or any other similar interventions. Further, to interrogate the research problem, this paper makes use of the problem tree, trend analysis, and the theory of constraint to provide a structure that allows us to appreciate the extent of the problem. In all, this interrogation provides for effectively stating the research problem that an evaluation on the implementation and management of recruitment and placement intervention in Gauteng Department of Labour should be pursuing as well as the accompanying research purpose and the research questions. We then use this detail to propose the appropriate research strategy, design, procedure and methods as well as an interpretive framework that we can use to interpret our anticipated empirical research results.
Open Access
Conceptualising a Research on Managing the Teaching and Learning Materials in No-Fee Schools: The Case of Ekangala Township in Tshwane Municipality
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Maimela, J.; Wotela, K.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
Ineffective management of teaching and learning material can negatively affect the quality of teaching and learning. This implies that policies and processes with regards budget allocation, procurement and distribution procedures, and accessibility of teaching and learning material are key to quality education. The Gauteng Department of Education has mandated, in each school, the Teaching and Learning Material governing boards and committees to manage this material. However, most of these governing bodies and committees lack have limited knowledge and skills to manage these materials effectively. This has negatively impacted on the management of teaching and learning material and, therefore, the envisaged educational outcomes. This paper conceptualises a research meant to interrogate management of teaching and learning materials. Generally, it employs a summative thematic content analysis of literature on the (i.) research physical context or setting, (ii.) research problem, and (iii.) the past and current studies of the research problem to identify the knowledge gap on this research. Further, the interrogation of the research problem makes use of the problem tree, trend analysis, and the theory of constraint so that we have a structured understanding of this problem. This approach provides us with comprehensive and critical content that allows us to state the appropriate research problem and the accompanying research purpose and research questions on how no-fee schools should manage their material. We then use this information to propose (i.) the research strategy, design, procedure, and methods as well as (ii.) the frameworks that we can use to interpret our anticipated empirical research results.
Open Access
Velocity of Money and Financial Development in BRICS Countries
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Ncanywa, T.; Mpatane, L.; Sebola,M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokane, T. (Quest Editor)
The manner in which the velocity of money behaves is very influential when determining how much financial resources an economy can produce. An unpredicted velocity of money and unstable demand for money results in a spineless and ineffective management and control of monetary policy. The study determined the "impact of financial development on the velocity of money in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) countries for the period 1996 to 2019". The study employed a panel autoregressive distributive lag (PARDL) to estimate the relationship between financial development and velocity of money in BRICS countries. In addition, "panel fully modified least squares and panel dynamic least squares were employed to supplement PARDL". A long run relationship between financial development and the velocity of money in BRICS countries was confirmed. A positive and statistically significant long run relationship was found between liquid liabilities to GDP and velocity of money, while a negative and statistically significant relationship was found with stock market capitalisation. The speed of adjustment indicted that about 68.5% of disequilibrium would be rectified in the next year in the BRICS countries. It can be concluded that financial development has a strong significant impact on the velocity of money particularly when liquid liabilities were considered. Therefore, financial institutions should promote people to hold liquid portfolios such as a savings or checking account at their local bank or credit union, a money market account or/ and short-term certificates of deposit. The study therefore, makes recommendations that since stable financial development, both globally and within countries, have the potential to generate jobs and improve productivity more should be done in ensuring an effective and sound developed financial sector system as it can influence the velocity of money channel.
Open Access
Can Investing in Information Systems Boost Economic Complexity in South Africa: Movement Towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution?
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Ncanywa, T.; Sebola, M. T. (Chief editor); Molokwane, T. (Guest editor)
Countries need to accelerate the growth and development of their economies by increasing the productive capacity for better living conditions of their citizens. For countries to improve their economies, they need to boost their economic complexity by producing and exporting commodities that embody sophisticated characteristics. The economic complexity index measures how diverse products are and include their ubiquity when they are exported. Economic complexity provides reasons why some countries progress very slowly by studying the characteristics of countries export baskets. This study seeks to find out if the investment in information systems can influence the South African economic complexity. The set objective employs the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) methodology. Results of the ARDL bounds test gave an F-statistic of 7.17 greater than the upper bound and this indicated a long run relationship in the series. Furthermore, investment in information systems had a significant positive relationship to economic complexity with a speed of adjustment of 87%. Investing in information system has proved to be innovative and contribute to firm output and labour productivity. Furthermore, information technology improves organizational performance, reduce production cost and improve the production of all personnel and ultimately increase the efficiency of human capital. The positive relationship between information systems and economic complexity is a good indicator that South Africa can enhance its complexity through information systems activities. It is therefore, recommended that the government of South African invest in information systems as this could yield a faster route towards the fourth industrial revolution.
Open Access
How Do Urban Cities Manage Road Traffic Congestion?
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Netshisaulu, M. S.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
Traffic Congestion transpires the minute the demand for transport surpasses supply at an exact point in time and in a particular section of the transport system. South African cities are facing traffic congestion characterised by dense origins and destinations with activities located in different cities. The roads and streets have congestion within the areas where individuals are attracted and benefit from economic prosperity. Congestion is the main restriction in operation because it affects the middle class and could drive changes in an urban location and movement patterns more quickly. This paper explores how urban cities manage road traffic congestion in South Africa. The paper is based on a theoretical analytical review of traffic congestion in national cities. Based on the current review, the cities such as Cape Town, Johannesburg, Durban, Tshwane, Pietermaritzburg, Port Elizabeth, East London, Bloemfontein and Vanderbiljpark are relatively experiencing a high congestion level. The paper also reviews the policies and regulations employed to monitor traffic matters and mitigate road traffic congestion in South African roads.
Open Access
Conceptualising Online Operations to Transition Student Governance in Higher Education Amid Covid-19: A Turbulent Experience
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Sebake, B. K.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the normal and traditional operations of many organised sectors of the global societies. This paper intends to introspect the experience of student governance during this period of a forceful use of e-governance – force majeure. Most student organisations from historically disadvantaged institutions and digital struggles are not fully addressed as the result of developments brought by the various stages of Industrial Revolutions. This impacts mostly student movements who emerged ideologically from previous and current underprivileged group in the society. This deprived group through observation demonstrated to have no trust on any technological transmissions regarding sensitive student governance issues. It is arguable that these historic facts have contributed to turbulence for transitioning students to the online platforms. The interest of this paper is to pen down various experiences from observation and conceptual point of view as part of literature review. It also intends to provide more substance to the knowledge production and scholarship, using both (complexity and change management theories). In addition, this paper highlights that some student movements are detached from their own constituencies and have no mandate to govern in the institutions they were elected to lead. The paper remains qualitative and intends to conclude on desktop issues which could be recommended for radical shift in the narrative of student governance in higher education. The findings must intend to open more areas for research in student governance in the era of disaster and introduction of embedded e-governance services through digital means and the post-COVID-19 higher education.
Open Access
Twitter as a New Fourth Estate: A Case of Black Twitter, Trolling vs. Accountability
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Malatji, E.; Baloyi, C.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
Globally, the emergence of social media particularly Twitter as a platform for social discourse has been well documented. Arguably, Twitter is an extension of mass media as the modern fourth estate. The fourth estate refers to the watchdog role of the mass media. Generally, mass media are used to ensure that government officials are held accountable by the public as the ideal fourth arm of the state. Thus, Twitter has afforded the public direct access to government officials. Twitter as a micro-blogging site is often used to challenge the government's lack of service delivery among other purposes. Accordingly, this investigation explores Twitter as a new fourth estate in South Africa. This qualitative inquiry used the online observation method to collect data from the relevant tweets, retweets, and comments as generated by the tweeps. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to analyse data. Furthermore, Nick Couldry's practice theory is the apt theoretical lens in this paper. This theory accentuates the manner in which the public uses new media rather than how the latter takes advantage of the former. The findings of the study suggest that Twitter is in a better position to topple mass media as a modern fourth estate in South Africa. According to the online observations undertaken in this research, the government officials are worried about their projected image on Twitter. Therefore, the study recommends that the public should capitalise on Twitter to ensure that government officials are held accountable. Similarly, government officials should effectively use this platform to answer the public's probing questions about the activities of the state. The government officials should see the messages communicated through Twitter as part of transparency and accountability. The tweets as generated by the public directed to the government officials are not always meant to troll the officials, some of them are intended to stimulate accountability on the side of the government. Moreover, the mass media outlets should embrace Twitter as an alternative fourth estate
Open Access
Management of Education Quality: A Case of Two Historically Disadvantaged Universities
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Modiba, N. S.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
The paper critiques how lack of quality university education persists to aggravate the treble challenges of unemployment, poverty and inequality in myriad societal members. Quality university education is expected to assist in the social ills of the nation. This is a qualitative case study paper which is conceptual and empirical in nature. Interviewing techniques and document review were used to collect data from the 12 lecturers attached to the Historically Disadvantaged Universities (HDUs). Such data were analysed through thematic content analysis and constant comparative methods. Research findings revealed that firstly, an enabling learning environment is essential to offering quality university education that eradicates social-ills. Secondly, failure to expose students to meteoric rise at the pre-tertiary sector, compromises the envisaged quality university education. Thirdly, the closure of the former teacher-training colleges overburdens universities. Fourthly, badly coordinated curriculum changes at the pre-tertiary sector, compromises quality at universities. Fifthly, the absence of the culture of quality and excellence at universities, worsens the situation. Lastly, under-prepared pre-tertiary learners contribute to lack of quality tertiary education at the HDUs. The researcher recommends for the HDUs to embrace decolonisation project to enable them to reverse lack of quality university education.
Open Access
Paucities of Monitoring and Evaluation Arrangements of Johannesburg-Based Non-Governmental Organisations Intervening in Substance Abuse, A Research Conceptualisation
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Mokoena, M.; Wolela, K.; Sebola. M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
Studies show that organisations, including non-governmental ones, believe that monitoring and evaluation provides for improved implementation and management as well as reformulation of interventions. Therefore, in the recent years most organisations have put in place arrangements to monitor and evaluate their interventions. However, where present, most of these arrangements are ineffective and in turn affects the implementation and management of their interventions. Using Johannesburg-based non-governmental organisations intervening in substance abuse this paper conceptualises a research that interrogates the paucities of monitoring and evaluation arrangements. Generally, the paper employs a summative thematic content analysis of literature around this subject. More specifically three sets of literature, that is, on the (i.) research's physical context or setting, (ii.) research problem, and (iii.) past and current studies on and evaluations of the research problem. Specifically, the interrogation on the research problem analysis makes use of the problem tree, trend analysis, and the theory of constraint. This restructured approach provides us with comprehensive and critical content that allows us to state the research problem, the research purpose, and the research questions on the paucities of monitoring and evaluation arrangements of Johannesburg-based non-governmental organisations intervening in substance abuse. It also provides for information to propose, yet to detail, the (i.) research strategy, design, procedure and methods as well as (ii.) frameworks that we can use interpret the resulting empirical results.
Open Access
Impact of Change Management on Employee Behaviour, Attitudes and Perceptions in the Public Sector
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Malatjie, I.; Montana, A.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
This paper analyses the impact of change management on employee behaviour, attitudes and perceptions in the public service with reference to the National School of Government (NSG). Change management is a concept which denotes how businesses manage the people side of change, and if they are successful at doing so. Management of change is contingent upon the people involved, the type of business conducted, and lastly the actual action of the change taking place. Regardless of the sector, size, or age of the business or corporate entity, change is a common all-embracing phenomenon and impacts all organizations. Guided by Kotter's research on change management models, the research questions examined the behaviour, attitudes and perceptions of employees within the organisation. Empirical research was conducted on a research sample of 209 employees within the National School of Government. A survey was administered to all employees. In addition to the analyses of the impact of change management on employees, the paper further explores best practices and makes recommendations for future study.
Open Access
Conceptualising Informal Business Support in South Africa: A Critical Theory Perspective
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Ntoyanto, S. S.; Khumalo, P.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
It has been said that the next wave of economic growth will come from townships. Over the years several researchers have conducted research on the township economy and the nature of the township economy. Their focus has been predominately on small businesses and entrepreneurial activities. However, as recent as 2020, the Department of Small Business Development has developed a strategy to close the support gap faced by informal businesses. This has been through the establishment of the National Informal Business Upliftment Strategy (NIBUS). Using the critical theory lens for analysis, the authors will argue that strategies like the above seek to play an emancipatory role especially when it comes to ongoing developmental issues such as poverty alleviation and socio-economic transformation in South Africa. The authors believe that choosing to support informal businesses within their informality is a form of emancipatory policy making and implementation. The authors believe that more policies should work towards meeting individuals where they operate such as in informal spaces. Such as approach in economic development will have a positive outcome on poverty alleviation
Open Access
Social Housing Policy Implementation Challenges in South African Local Municipalities
(International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 2021) Madisha, M. G.; Khumalo, P.; Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor); Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)
The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss the barriers to secure affordable rental social housing at municipal level. There are challenges that are inherent in the current social housing delivery implementation system. The paper emanates from an empirical study undertaken to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of intergovernmental relations system in Gauteng Province in the implementation of social housing using selected three metropolitan municipalities namely: Tshwane, Ekurhuleni, and Johannesburg. A mixedmethod approach was used with questionnaires, interviews, and documentary analysis to collect data. The findings show that municipalities are faced with challenges of human settlement planning and land use; supply, release of land and provision of basic infrastructure; administrative and institutional capacity as policy implementation impediments to a system of financing social housing and financial planning; and coordination of social housing and intergovernmental relations functions and activities. The practical implication is that the challenges impact negatively on the delivery of social housing in South African municipalities. The challenges have a bearing on the current legislative framework which impact and influence the speedy release of land for social housing development, human settlement planning systems, financial and budgeting for the delivery of social units in South African municipalities. The paper contributes to the body of knowledge as it present the challenges in the implementation social housing policy and the impact of stakeholder management as social housing delivery cut across spheres of government and other government entities