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Item Embargo The impact of human resource management practices in the provision of basic services: A case of Collins Chabane Local Municipality, Limpopo Province(2025-09-05) Soares, Lauren Diniz; Maemu, E.; Matloga, S. T.This study focused on evaluating the impact of human resource management practices (HRP) in the provision of basic services: A case of Collins Chabane Local Municipality (CCLM) situated in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study sought to test how human resource management practices, particularly recruitment and selection, impact the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of basic service provision within local government, particularly in CCLM. By examining the relationship between HRP (Human Resource Management Practices) and basic service provision, this research intends to provide valuable insights for policymakers, human resource professionals, and municipal managers seeking to optimize their workforce and management strategies. The mixed-methods approach was employed in the study by combining qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used for qualitative data, while a probability-based sampling ensured broader representation in the quantitative aspect. The study used non-probability purposive sampling method in qualitative data due to the need to capture in-depth perspectives from relevant stakeholders and probability-based sampling method was used with quantitative data to ensure statistical representativeness and generalizability. The choice of a qualitative methodology was made to foster receptiveness to ideas, experiences, opinions, and emotions, as well as to delve into the perceptions of research respondents. Concurrently, a quantitative approach was employed to enable the researcher to have a sophisticated statistical analysis and effective comparison of gathered data. Information gathered through questionnaires was analysed using International Business Machinery: Statistical Products and Service Solutions (IBM: SPSS) version 29, because of its reliability, advanced features, support, and compatibility with the research, statistical analysis was used to analyse this data. Information gathered through interviews was analysed using the NVivo version 14 and thematically analysed to gain rich insights of the study and generate new knowledge from the study. The major findings of the study are: • HRM practices negatively impact service provision due to inefficiencies and poor recruitment processes. • Bureaucratic delays hinder the timely filling of critical positions. • High staff turnover, driven by dissatisfaction, leads to talent loss and decreased productivity. • Limited diversity and inclusion due to societal biases and HRM constraints affect workforce effectiveness. • Cadre deployment negatively impacts HRM practices, influencing service provision. The following recommendations are proposed based on the study's findings: • The study recommends that the municipality streamline HRM processes by reducing bureaucratic delays to ensure timely recruitment. • The municipality should enhance training, recruitment transparency, and employee wellness programs to improve workforce efficiency. • The study recommends that the municipality implements retention strategies to address high staff turnover and boost job satisfaction. • The study also recommends that the municipality fosters diversity and inclusion through bias training for hiring panels. • Lastly, the researcher recommends that a merit-based recruitment system be adopted to mitigate the negative effects of cadre deployment. This study highlights the urgent need for HRM reforms in CCLM to improve workforce efficiency for the provision of basic services in local government.Item Embargo Empowering Informal Traders through Developmental Local Government: The Case of Polokwane Local Municipality(2025-05-16) Selepe, Modupi; Vermaak, N. J.; Nkuna, N.South Africa’s democratic dispensation brought hope and trust to oppressed black citizens, particularly the promise of economic emancipation and freedom, as highlighted in the ruling party’s manifestos and the Freedom Charter. However, post-democracy challenges such as unemployment, poverty, marginalisation, and lack of social security have led to an increasing number of informal traders operating within areas managed by local municipalities since the introduction of developmental local government. Consequently, informal trading has gained significant momentum and reshaped urban landscapes, both locally and globally. The South African Local Government Association (SALGA) introduced the concept of Developmental Local Government (DLG), mandating municipalities to collaborate with communities to promote economic development, including informal traders. This study aimed to develop an informal trader empowerment model/framework. The Dualist Theory of the informal economy was adopted, which posits that individuals participate in the informal economy due to socio-economic factors such as poverty, unemployment, and marginalisation. This theory was validated through findings indicating that participants engaged in informal trading for survival. A mixed-method research approach was utilised, with an anti-positivist/interpretivist paradigm guiding the study. The research focused on Polokwane’s informal traders and the Polokwane Local Municipality. Non-probability sampling techniques, including convenience and purposive sampling, were employed to collect data from a total of 70 participants—50 informal traders and 20 municipal officials. Data collection involved focus group interviews to address time constraints and Covid-19 restrictions, with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ensuring safety. Data analysis primarily involved thematic analysis, complemented by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel for quantitative enumeration. Ethical standards were rigorously adhered to, ensuring anonymity, protection from harm, voluntary participation, and securing permission from gatekeepers.Item Embargo Corporate Governance and Water Crisis: A Study of Water Boards in South Africa(2025-09-05) Matome, Hosea Modipane; Nkuna, Nghamula; Munzhedzi, HarryThe concept ‘Corporate Governance’ has been investigated intensively by academics and policy makers in the past two to three decades. This is mainly because of number of reasons, namely, global corporate governance outrages, global financial crisis in 2007 to 2008 and introduction of best code of practice for corporate governance globally and locally. The relationship between corporate governance and the water issue as a governance crisis is a topic of debate despite the wealth of study on the subject. Therefore, the study's goal was to examine the relationship between corporate governance and water crises from the viewpoints of three distinct governance scenarios: water boards that are experiencing a crisis in governance, those that are not, and those that follow strong governance practices. Similar to earlier research, "board size, board independence, board committees, board diversity, board activity, and leadership structure were measured as independent variables in corporate governance." The dependent measurements were, namely, asymmetric information; transaction cost; and Capability, Accountability and Responsiveness (CAR) including transparency which are the measurements of water crisis. A pragmatism research paradigm, which request simultaneous gathering and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data on the same time, was employed. A Stratified Sampling technique was also employed. A questionnaire was used to gather primary data from the former Board Members of the Water Boards, former Ward Councillors and former Mayoral Executive Committee members for water and sanitation and Ward Committee members. This study utilised corporate governance models to establish the association that exist between corporate governance and water crisis. To this date, a sample of nine (9) water boards with various governance situations were examined with the combination of structural equation model and regression analysis. Two crucial facts come out from the results of the study, firstly, corporate governance variables performed differently in different governance situations. To certain extent, some corporate governance variables had a positive effect on water crisis through non-governance crisis and provided evading mechanisms during governance crisis. The results of the study also indicated a key issue, which motivated the needs to reassess corporate governance not only during non-governance crisis, but also during the governance crisis situations. Second, the stewardship theory appeared to be supported by capability, accountability, and responsiveness (CAR), including transparency, whereas the agency and resources reliance theories appeared to be supported by asymmetric knowledge and transaction costs. This showed that CAR including transparency viewed self-governed boards as adding no value to the water boards, while both asymmetric information and transaction cost viewed independent boards as a means of bring new skills and resources that the Executive Management of the water boards does not have. On the same note, independent boards ensured good governance practice and reduces the corporate governance problems between agents and principals. Furthermore, good corporate governance practice “perceived large board, board activity, board committee and leadership structure to be structures that could provide adequate monitoring and reduce agency problems”. Like some of the previous studies in corporate governance literature that documented diverse results for asymmetric information and transaction cost, this study also proved that, in some instances, asymmetric information and transaction cost provided conflicting outcomes as the two pointers used to measure governance from different situations. In case of nature of governance, the findings of both regression analysis and factor analysis concluded that the relationship between corporate governance and water crisis differs based on the nature of governance. For example, in consistent with the stewardship theory in the case of water boards without governance crisis, board independence ad an insignificant relationship with water crisis. These results imply that independent non-executive directors did not add any value to the improvement of day-to-day operation of the water boards as executive directors knows better than them. In this case and contradictory to the King IV report, it would be logical to more administrative staff than independent oversight structure.Item Open Access The challenges in the implementation of crime prevention strateg by South African Police Service, Limpopo Province(2025-09-05) Morifi, Fulgence Mosweu; Zitha, H. E.; Singo, T. A.The South African Police Service (SAPS) is required by the constitution to prevent, investigate, and combat crimes that are likely to occur in communities. The study provided information on the difficulties the South African Police Service, Limpopo Province, faces in putting its crime prevention policy into practice. In order to prevent crime and guarantee the protection and security of the nation's citizens, the South African Police Service (SAPS) was established. The SAPS investigates and fights crime as part of the Justice Crime Prevention and Security (JCPS) Cluster. According to the 1998 White Paper on Safety and Security, SAPS is the primary law enforcement agency in the nation and is in charge of carrying out the country's and the province of Limpopo's crime prevention policy. The South African Police Service encounters challenges within the increasingly sophisticated, technological, and international crime arena. A literature review was also conducted to gain a thorough knowledge of SAPS's difficulties and challenges in implementing a crime prevention strategy in Limpopo Province. The study followed a mixed methods approach, using the pragmatic paradigm and applying descriptive and contextual research designs. The study used semi-structured interviews and self-administered questionnaires to collect data from SAPS members. The study used both purposive and random sampling methods. Thematic analysis was adopted for qualitative data, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for quantitative data. The study's findings sought to improve SAPS's skills, competencies, and capacity to implement crime prevention strategies. KeywordsItem Open Access The importance of community participation in the implementation of Local Economic Development: A case study of Makhado Local Municipality(2025-09-05) Khomola. Maluta; Mbedzi, L.; Nekhavhambe, M. M.Community participation is often seen as essential for the effectiveness of numerous health programs. Nevertheless, there is a deficiency in theoretical frameworks and empirical data concerning the factors influencing participation within specific contexts and relationships. The study focused on the importance of community participation in the implementation of Local Economic Development in the Makhado Local Municipality. Local Economic Development is considered as a solution to the triple challenges (unemployment, poverty, and inequality) in South African municipalities. Local Economic Development approach aims to stimulate economic growth and improve the quality of life within communities by identifying the needs of communities through community participation. The study applied the participatory theory, which explains more about community participation and the contribution of citizens in community-based projects. Participatory theory was incorporated on mutual involvement of all important stakeholders, especially the use of respective members of citizens to make decisions and set the plans for their future. The study used a pragmatic research paradigm to select the research method of the study. The study deployed a mixed-methods research design. The descriptive research design was used as a blueprint for the study. The study population was limited to Makhado Local Municipality and the community members who were under Makhado Local Municipality. A purposive sampling technique that uses non-probability sampling was adopted in this study using a qualitative method. Statistical and thematic analyses were adopted to analyse data quantitatively and qualitatively. Enhanced research methodologies are required to enhance the conceptualisation of community participation and to elucidate a deeper comprehension of the ways in which factors like power and influence impact community engagement and its results. The major findings of the study are: • The study found that most respondents are unfamiliar with the goals and objectives of Local Economic Development initiatives, and there is a considerable knowledge gap within the community regarding understanding Local Economic Development and its objectives. • The study found that poor information dissemination is a key challenge and a lack of proper channels by the Local Economic Development officials to reach out to the community members under Makhado Local Municipality. • The study revealed that the role of Non-Governmental Organisations in the Makhado Local Municipality is not well played in terms of addressing the barriers to community participation for Local Economic Development initiatives. • The findings indicated that active involvement fosters a sense of ownership among community members, which enhances both the sustainability and effectiveness of projects. • The findings indicate that increasing access to information and education about Local Economic Development initiatives would improve participation. The following are the recommendations that are made based on the findings of the study. • The study recommends that the Makhado Local Municipality implement targeted public awareness campaigns using local radio stations, social media platforms, and community meetings to educate residents on Local Economic Development. • The study recommends that Makhado Local Municipality develop a comprehensive Local Economic Development communication strategy to ensure the timely and clear dissemination of information. • The study recommends the introduction of dedicated Local Economic Development awareness campaigns such as NGOs to educate the community on the benefits and opportunities available through Local Economic Development initiatives. • The study recommends that the municipality launch extensive awareness programs to address the prevailing uncertainty about Local Economic Development inclusivity and ensure that all community members are well-informed in order to foster ownership to the community members. • The study recommends that the municipality enhance the dissemination of information and educational materials on Local Economic Development initiatives to improve community awareness and participation.Item Open Access The efficacy of Integrated Development Planning in promoting Developmental Local Government: A case of Collins Chabane Local Municipality, Limpopo Province(2025-09-05) Hlungwani, Tumelo Hamfree; Maemu, E.; Mahole, E.The study focuses on the efficacy of integrated development planning in promoting developmental local government: A case of Collins Chabane Local Municipality, Limpopo Province. Developmental local government (DLG) is a vision for the future form of local government in South Africa. The DLG outlines a system of democratic local government in which efficient and effective municipalities meet the needs of all, but particularly those of poor and vulnerable communities. A pragmatic research paradigm was adopted, incorporating a mixed-method approach that used both quantitative and qualitative research. In this study, mixed research methods were integrated while maintaining each method's original structures and procedures. The researcher employed descriptive study designs. A probability sampling method was used, as it allowed researchers to create a sample that accurately represented the real-life population of interest. Data collected through research questionnaires were analysed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) Version 29.0, while data gathered through research interviews were analysed using Atlas.Ti. Throughout the data collection process, all ethical considerations were prioritised to ensure that respondents participated freely, without any form of coercion or intimidation. The major findings of the study are: • The Municipality has a serious issue with high youth unemployment, raising concerns about the future for young people. • Community participation is essential for successful IDP processes. It fosters engagement and ensures community needs are met. • External stakeholders help the Municipality develop and implement the Integrated Development Plan (IDP). They provide important insights, resources, and expertise to ensure the plan meets the community's needs. • Insufficient infrastructure frequently restricts the effective implementation of IDP initiatives, creating challenges in providing essential services and meeting the community's developmental goals. • The IDP needs to integrate all planning, budgeting, and administration activities in the Municipality. The following recommendations are therefore made based on the findings of the study: • The study recommends that the Municipality should create job in order to reduce a high rate of unemployed youth. • The Municipality should actively involve the community, as this participation is key to successful IDP processes. • It is recommended that the external stakeholders should be encouraged to assist the Municipality in the development and execution of the IDP. • The Municipality should prioritise infrastructure projects to address the community's most pressing needs, such as reliable water supply, efficient transportation, and adequate healthcare facilities. • The researcher recommends that the Municipality should fully implement robust public employment programs specifically designed to create a substantial number of job opportunities for the large cohort of unemployed youth. • The study recommends that the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) effectively combine and synchronise all planning, budgeting, and administration activities within the Municipality.Item Embargo An Analysis of the Strategies to promote Ethical Behaviour in Local Government: A Case of Thulamela Local Municipality(2025-09-05) Ravhuanzwo, Shumani Maxwell; Zitha, H. E.; Lavhelani, N. P.The study analyses the strategies to promote ethical behavior in local government, with a particular focus on Thulamela Local Municipality (TLM). TLM is one of the local municipalities constituting Vhembe District Municipality in the Limpopo province. The 1994 first democratic elections in South Africa demonstrated the country's dedication to human rights and prosperity. There are three spheres of government: national, provincial, and local. Local government has come a long way since then, but obstacles to service delivery have led to a loss of trust in municipal employees. Good governance is increasingly being threatened by systemic corruption, which results from the unethical behavior of municipal leadership. The strategies and recommendations to be provided in this research study serve as a light on the challenge of adherence to the prescribed ethical standards in service delivery by TLM and other local municipalities across the country. To better investigate strategies to promote ethical behavior by municipal employees in service delivery in TLM, the study utilized the public value theory, a qualitative approach (descriptive design and explorative design) and the constructivism paradigm. The study used purposive sampling to ensure precise sample collection. Primary data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Thematic and descriptive analyses were applied to the analysis of the qualitative data. The major findings of this study are that unethical behavior in TLM is manifested through corruption, nepotism, cadre deployment, political interference, and bribery; that lack of exemplary behavior by senior municipal officials and incompetent staff members are some of the causes of unethical conduct within TLM; that unethical behavior demotivates committed municipal officials; and that internal strategies for enhancing ethical conduct within the municipality are not effective. The study recommends that consequence management and the provisions of the codes of conduct must be enforced and that TLM stakeholders must report unethical behavior by municipal officials to external watchdog bodies such as the National Prosecting Authority and the Office of the Auditor General.Item Embargo An Analysis on the Impact of Service Delivery on Humam Rights: A Case of Vhembe District Municipality(2025-09-05) Phangophango, Zwivhuya; Lavhelani, N. P.; Mbedzi, L.The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, provides that failure to provide services is a violation of human rights. In addition, Section 22 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, forbids discrimination and guarantees freedom of trade, activity, and profession,emphasizing the connection between human rights and service delivery. It creates a framework for encouraging fair access to services and holds officials responsible for making sure that the provision of services satisfies the freedom, equality, and dignity guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. This is a required activity, and people's human rights are infringed when they are denied these services. Moreover, failing to provide services to the public is not supported by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. It makes clear that everyone has the inherent right to dignity and the protection of the human rights. The study aims to analyze the impacts of service delivery on human rights in Vhembe District Municipality. Secondary data was sourced from the journal articles, municipal annual reports, legal framework, websites, library books, and the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa,1996, pertinent laws, and policies pertaining to human rights. The researcher used non-probability sampling and purposive sampling to collect secondary data for this study. Moreover, the study adopted desktop research. The literature on this subject has been examined in order to find common problems, patterns, and operational parallels with regard to how service delivery affects human rights in VDM. Thematic analysis was used to analyze secondary data collected. Significant gaps in access to essential services such as water, health-care, education, and power were shown by the analysis of service delivery in the Vhembe District Municipality. These gaps result in violations of core human rights, such as the right to dignity, health, and education. To overcome these gaps and protect human rights in the area, it is significant for the local government to consider infrastructure investment as a priority, enhance governance and accountability systems, transparency, and guarantee increased community involvement in decision-making. The study recommended the VDM to respect human rights by extending services to the communities.Item Embargo The Impact of Mining on Community Development in Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality, Limpopo Province(2025-09-05) Mtileni, Wisani Goodman; Lavhelani, N. P.; Zitha, H. E.Like elsewhere in the world, mining in South Africa has been credited for creating national wealth, creating job opportunities and impacting on socio-economic development. However, extractive mining also adversely affects socio-economic and ecological wellbeing. Despite policy reforms and regulatory interventions, unemployment, mine induced poverty and environmental pollution remain. The objective of this study is to establish the impact of extractive activities on local communities in the Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality. Primarily, the study pays attention to the contribution of mining towards sustainable developmental goals in these communities. The study adopted a qualitative research method. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. The study found that the mines’ Social and Labour Plans in collaboration with the Local Municipality contributed immensely through major infrastructure projects to community development in BaPhalaborwa. On the other hand, the study found that the mines are causing serious environmental pollution that poses health hazards to the residents of the surrounding communities. The most worrying finding is that the extractive activities of those mines do not benefit local people since there is no beneficiation of the extracted minerals. The study has recommended the devolution of powers on monitoring and evaluation from DMR to the Local Municipality. It has further recommended skills training as the direct route to address the beneficiation challenge.Item Embargo The role of good governance in the provision of basic services: A case study of Collins Chabane Local Municipality(2025-09-05) Hlungwane, Ripfumelo; Lavhelani, N. P.; Vermaak, N. J.The purpose of this study is to provide a critical investigation of the role of good governance on the provision of basic services in Collins Chabane Local Municipality. This emanated from the realisation that whereas basic services are crucial for community’s well-being, serving as the basis for good health, stable economic conditions, and a general standard of living, it is however, worth mentioning that poor governance can impede timely provision of such services. To achieve the objectives of the study, the qualitative research methods were utilised. The research delved deeply into the interplay of good governance and basic service delivery. The interpretivist approach was considered and open-ended questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants who were purposefully selected from traditional leaders and municipal officials. The researcher employed thematic analysis to analyse the qualitative data collected. The research underscores the vital role of efficient resource management and transparency in promoting good governance and effective public service delivery. The maximizing of resources and ensuring transparent decision-making are key to addressing community needs and building trust between citizens and government institutions. The study identified these factors, along with citizen engagement, service efficiency, and equity, as essential components of good governance. The major findings were identified after the study are the following municipal performance and service delivery, accountability and transparency, community participation and challenges in service delivery such as financial constraints, corruption and mismanagement, infrastructure deficiencies and lack of skills and capacity. Based on these findings, the study recommended establishing clear norms and processes, leadership development, use of technology for service improvement, ant corruption measures and ethical conducts. Additionally, addressing the needs of marginalized groups, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and investing in capacity building for public officials are crucial steps to ensure that services are inclusive and effective. Implementing these recommendations can help governments improve the quality, fairness, and responsiveness of public services, fostering greater trust and social cohesion within communities.Item Open Access Challenges causing delay in the implementation of water project in Mutale Municipality and its impact on social life of the community: a case study of Tshipise/Dambale Water Project(2013-05-20) Kwinda, Tshifhiwa Solomon; Khwashaba, M. P.The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges facing the delay in the implementation of a water project and its impact on social life of the community using Tshipise / Dambale water project as a case study. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. The study was placed in both the quantitative and qualitative research paradigm. The researcher used a non-probability method and its subtype purposive sampling for the purpose of collecting from the respondents with accurate and relevant information. The populations involved in this study were local traditional leaders; civic members from Tshipise and Dambale villages; and water committee from Tshipise and Dambale villages who completed the questionnaire and the community development worker (CDW), Ward councillor, community liaison officer (CLO) who were interviewed. The study revealed that the municipality is obliged, by the law, to provide the community with water and also that the municipality is aware that the law binds them to provide the community with water. The studies also revealed that lack of capacity of contractors in the implementation of water project have delayed the implementation of water project. It was recommended that competent contractors with relevant skills need to be appointed to render a relevant service. It was also recommended that the municipality must undertake proper monitoring to ensure the contractor is doing what he or she is supposed to do.Item Open Access The role and task of the teacher in school management with reference to the Dzondo Circuit(2007-09-14) Mashamba, Tshilidzi Meshack; Ravhudzulo, M. A.This study focused on the role of the teacher in School Management in Dzondo Circuit of region three. This study dealt with the important factors like; the planning role of the teacher, the organization role of the teacher, as well as discipline in schools. The empirical findings revealed that principals do not receive extensive insert training about managerial skills, the role of teachers in the formulation of the school policy is not clearly defined. The findings further revealed that teachers do not attend in-service training regularly. The study recommends that the role of teachers should be clearly define in the school - policy and that teachers should be involved in the formulation of the school policy. In the study questionnaires were used to gather information from educators, parents, principals and from the learners in the Dzondo Circuit. Prior to the distribution of questionnaires, a pilot study was done at one of the selected schools in Dzondo Circuit. The questionnaires focused on teachers age, gender, qualifications, experience and the important of the school policy in secondary schools. Findings of the study were gathered from ten percent of schools selected randomly by the researcher. Limitations of the study was characterised by the prolonged time spent doing researchers and the limited resources from the department of education.Item Open Access An investigation into the challenges facing municipalities in women empoernment: a case study of Ward 2 in Thulamela Municipality(2012-05-22) Mamidze, Azwidali Alfred; Khwashaba, M. P.This study was intended to investigate the challenges facing municipalities in women empowerment. The investigation was done on the selected individuals from both Thulamela municipality and ward 2 in Thulamela. The sample was drawn from the population using the purposive and systematic random sampling methods. Sixty five respondents were chosen as follows: four managers and twenty employees in Thulamela municipality, Fourty women under ward 2 in Thulamela and finally the ward 2 Councillor in Thulamela municipality. A single instrument for data collection was used. A questionnaire in (Appendix A) was handed out to concerned people. The analysis of data was mostly qualitative and based on relevant frequencies of response. SOME OF THE MAIN FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY WERE: • The majority of the respondents agreed that women were employed in low paid jobs during apartheid era. • It has been confirmed by 92,3% of the respondents when they agreed that gender equity act and policies created more jobs opportunities for the previously disadvantaged groups of women in particular. • Most of the respondents indicated that more women are employed in more decent jobs in democratic era than in apartheid period. • There are currently more projects that are established to empower women. • Majority of the respondents indicated lack of education as an obstacle to women empowerment. •Education for girls will promote women empowerment • Most of the respondents disagreed that uneducated women are recognized in women empowerment. • Most of the respondents disagreed that majority of the ward Counselors are women. • Combination of family and gender roles hamper women empowerment, this has been confirmed by 63,1% of the respondents. RECOMMENDATIONS As a result of the findings and conclusion, it has been realized that so many problems regarding challenges facing municipalities in women empowerment need to be addressed. The following are some of the recommendations made out of those findings. • Women need to be employed to top management positions and in more decent jobs through Affirmative action. • Gender equity act and policies must be implemented by both public and private sectors for more jobs creation as women empowerment. • Government should go on providing more projects aimed at women empowerment. • Women must also be given tenders for their economic stability. • There to be are educational programmes like ABET that need provided to women as they were previously disadvantaged in education. • Government should have campaigns aimed at discouraging teenage pregnancies.Item Open Access Factors influencing job satisfaction amomg public healthcare employees at Elim Hospital Limpopo Province(2013-05-08) Maguga, Simon Gifty; Khwashaba, M. P.This study investigates factors influencing job satisfaction among public healthcare employees at Elim Hospital, Limpopo Province. Relationships have been reported between job satisfaction, productivity, absenteeism and turnover among healthcare employees and as such it affects employees' organizational commitment and the quality of healthcare services. The aim of the study was to determine the factors influencing job satisfaction among healthcare professionals at Elim Hospital. Variables such as opportunity to develop, responsibility, patient care and staff relations were found to be significantly influencing job satisfaction and there was a significant positive association between job satisfaction and opportunity to develop, responsibility, patient care and staff relations for both clinical and clinical support staff. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to gather information through the utilization of a questionnaire. The study was conducted mainly to confirm the result obtained. The results of the study have assisted to reflect factors that could be influencing the health workers to leave Elim Hospital. One hundred and twenty (120) questionnaires were issued to the health professionals. Major findings of the study are the following: • The study found a low level of job satisfaction among the healthcare workers surveyed. Almost 80% were dissatisfied or highly dissatisfied with their job. • Factors found to be significantly associated with job satisfaction were, opportunity to develop, responsibility, patient care and staff relations. • The study found a significant positive medium correlation between staff relations, patient care, and responsibility, opportunity to develop and job satisfaction. • Almost three-quarters of participants (73.8%) did not think that their income was a reflection of the work they do. Major recommendation were drawn from the study. These included: • Encourage teamwork by rewarding teams: Allowing managers to facilitate and promote team-building exercises to enhance communication, productivity and job satisfaction. Team incentives should be addressed by rewarding teamwork. • Ensuring job satisfaction by respecting, rewarding, nurturing and upholding these skilled and trained employees fairly is also recommended the authorities should: Recognise individual growth and fairly reward good ideas. Respect experience and qualifications above legislative requirements in order to ensure that the most suitably qualified people are placed in specialised positions. • The human resource practitioners in the public service should be knowledgeable and supportive of the health profession, vacancies should be filled quickly and the recruitment process should be speeded up. In-service training should be provided to ensure the competencies of the health workers are of high standard at all times.Item Embargo The assessment of the role of Vhembe District Municipality in the provision o water resources: the case of Mphambo Community(2025-09-05) Ngonyama, Tatani; Mafunisa, M. J.; Mahole, E.The study aimed at assessing the role of Vhembe District Municipality in the provision of water services at Mphambo Community. The Free Basic Water Policy of 2002, which seeks to address poverty and affordable access to basic water service to the indigent, requires that all municipalities should provide at least 25 litres of free basic water to poor persons within 200 meters of where the person resides and at a flow rate of at least 10 litres per minute. The study used a prospective mixed method research design, in which primary data was collected from 100 Mphambo community members and 50 municipal workers using a questionnaire and interviews. Collected data was coded, captured, and cleaned before subjecting it to rigorous statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics, figures and tables were used to describe and understand data. The study produced results that summarises the relationships between water service provision related variables and socio-demographic variables. In particular, the analysis of water services provision data will help in exposing the relationship between dependent variable and several independent variables e.g., gender, age, participant type (community member or municipal worker). The strategies and the recommendations from this study will help to improve the provision of water services by the Municipality to the communities. The study will also assist the local government sector in ensuring the importance of working closely with communities to deliver the water services to the communities.Item Embargo The involvement of school management teams and teachers in managing work-related stress in selected schools, in Soutpansberg North Circuit, in Vhembe District Municipality(2025-09-05) Muravha, Khathutshelo; Lavhelani, N. P.; Zitha, H. E.This study was based on the involvement of School Management Teams and teachers in managing work-related stress in selected schools in Soutpansberg North Circuit, in Vhembe District Municipality. The South African Department of Education has been undergoing different challenges which compel an employer to play a dynamic role in improving and preserving the wellbeing of employees. School Management Teams have the responsibility to understand the causes and effects of work-related stress so that they can strategize on how to overcome them. The main aim of the study was to assess the involvement of School Management Teams and teachers in managing work-related stress in selected schools in Soutpansberg North Circuit in Vhembe District Municipality and to propose recommendations to enhance their involvement. A qualitative research approach was used to assess the involvement of School Management Teams and teachers in managing work-related stress. The study adopted a qualitative approach because it is deemed appropriate when collecting and analysing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions and experience. Non-probability sampling through purposive sampling was adopted to allow the researcher to focus on in-depth issues essential to the study. The population of this study comprised - School Principals, Heads of Departments (HODs), and senior teachers - of three purposively-selected primary schools in Soutpansberg North Circuit in Vhembe District Municipality. Twelve participants were selected for the study due to their experience and familiarization with the study phenomenon. Self-administered open-ended questionnaires were utilized to allow for unlimited responses and to offer qualitative data, while using thematic analysis on the data. The findings of the study shows that School Management Teams and teachers do not consult the Employee Assistance Practitioners because the former have not experienced challenges that may need such services, while others have no idea of the Employee Assistance Programme. The researcher recommends that senior managers need to initiate sub-branches of the Employee Assistance Practitioners in circuits to ease the programme’s access by all employees in an area.Item Embargo Proposing a framework for enhancing good governance in the Limpopo Provincial Government: the case of the Department of Health and Education(2025-09-05) Nkwinika, Miyelani Kulani Kelvin; Mafunisa, M. J.; Nekhavhambe, M. M.The aim of the research was to propose a framework for improving good governance within the Limpopo Provincial Government, specifically, in the Health and Education Departments. The investigation aimed to assess whether the existing policy framework supports good governance and is advantageous for government institutions, by strengthening the public administration ethos and advocating for best practices, to create a state that is effective, efficient, accountable, and transparent. The Office of the Auditor-General of South Africa (AGSA), in its national and provincial audit report for the 2021/2022 financial year, expressed concern over the high levels of corruption within the South African government. Additionally, the AGSA highlighted issues of ineffective governance and incompetence within the Limpopo Departments of Health and Education, which continue to receive qualified audit opinions and clearly show evidence of fruitless and irregular expenditure; consequently, the researcher chose these two departments as case studies. Financial challenges in government continue to be a concern, post the attainment of democracy in 1994. During the 2023 budget speech for Vote 5, the former MEC for the Provincial Treasury in Limpopo, Honourable Seaparo Sekoati, confirmed that both the Health and Education departments had received qualified audits for the 2021/2022 financial year. The research utilised a case study research design as its chosen methodology, hence, in the case study framework organised and structured the processes involved in data collection. This research employed a qualitative research approach, this approach proved effective as it enhanced understanding through an informative and naturalistic exploration of the topic under investigation. Participants were selected using purposive sampling to recruit individuals who can provide valuable insights necessary for the analysis and interpretation of data in this study. Purposive sampling intentionally selects individuals, groups, and organizations to provide critical information that might not be available from participants selected from other sampling methods. The study noted the non-adherence to the law, ineffective security systems in vetting of government employees, poor planning and coordination as well as lack of district and management support to be key factors that affects the state of governance in both the departments. vi The study recommends that the Limpopo provincial government should draft a provincial policy that prevents the interference of the Premier, MECs, Director-Generals and HODs on programmes that do not require their personal participation, such as supply chain management processes, project management, and audit steering committees. The study also recommends that the upgrading of the security vetting system should be enhanced to detect any irregularities, such as fake qualifications, criminal records or dismissal records in respect of officials within the public service. Furthermore, the study also recommends that the two departments, Health and Education, need to consult with various stakeholders, such as the Department of Public Service and Administration and the National Treasury on whether, the Performance Management Policy can be amended to ensure that any employee who does not achieve his/her Key Performance Targets in the responsibilities assigned to him or her should be made to account to the employer. This will assist in addressing challenge of non-implementation of the departmental policies and other key legislations that seek to enhance good governance by intensifying service delivery in communities. This research is unique as it aims not only to articulate challenges to good governance but to also suggest a Framework that would enhance good governance in the public service with reference to the Limpopo provincial government.Item Embargo The efficacy of Batho Pele principles in delivering basic services: The case of Thulamela Local Municipality(2025-05-16) Nkuna, Winnies Ndzalama; Zitha, H. E.; Lavhelani, N. P.This study sought to identify the efficacy of Batho Pele principles in delivering basic services the case study being Thulamela Local Municipality. The Batho Pele principles provide a framework on how government services should be provided to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the municipal service. Adherence to these principles will guarantee the provision of excellent services that meet the people’s needs and expectations, and enhance customer satisfaction, while upholding the government’s promise that access to decent public services is no longer a privilege to be enjoyed by a few, but the rightful expectation of all citizens. The delivery of services like housing and road infrastructure, water, social welfare, and health centers to communities by the government is referred to as service provision. Despite the existence of these principles, the local sphere of government has received an exponential increase in the number of service delivery protests. This study holds the view that any form of service delivery protest questions the extent to which the municipal sphere of government implements the Batho Pele principles. This study used a pragmatic research paradigm and employed a mixed method. In this regard, the study deployed both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies with the goal of preserving their original structures and procedures, as well as contextual and descriptive research designs. The study used a non-probability sampling wherein purposive sampling method was used to select participants under the qualitative method. The study also used the probability sampling method wherein random sampling method was used to select participants under the quantitative methods. Data was gathered using research questionnaires and interviews. For data analysis methodologies, the study uses thematic analysis and statistical analysis. The study discovered the following: that services rendered to the communities are not fair, effective, efficient and in an equitable manner; Batho Pele principles ensures effective service delivery; non- adherence to the Batho Pele principles hinders basic services delivery: insufficient budget, allocation of funds, negligence, malpractices, scarce resources, lack of control measures and incompetency challenges the implementation of Batho Pele principles; Batho Pele principles promotes effective and efficient service delivery and that Batho Pele principles; municipal service delivery advocates for the well-being of people; and that basic service can be enhanced through the local government turnaround strategy. The study recommends that the municipality's IDP be informed of the community's needs. The study recommends that municipal officials adhere to the Batho Pele principles to promote equitable access to basic services. The study recommends training for municipal officials regarding BPP and adherence to the Batho Pele principles to enhance equitable basic service delivery. The research suggested an appointment of effective municipal ombudsman to monitor the use of resources and budget to promote Batho Pele principles fostered service provision. The study recommends that Batho Pele principles and municipal service delivery ought to advocate for the well-being of people. Recommendation by the study is that community participation in municipal affairs must be encouraged and strengthened to promote basic service delivery that caters their needs and well-being. The study recommended that local government turnaround strategy be utilized in the implementation of Batho Pele principles.Item Embargo The implementation of municipal by-laws in the provision of recreational facilities in Greater Giyani Local Municipality(2025-05-16) Sibanda, Tiyani Julu Sydwell; Matloga, S. T.; Mahole, E.This study was based on the implementation of municipal by-laws in the provision of recreational facilities in Greater Giyani Local Municipality. Municipal by-laws play a crucial role in regulating various aspects of local governance and community life. However, the success of municipal by-laws largely hinges on proper implementation and enforcement by the municipalities. The study was conducted utilizing a qualitative method to explore the complex dynamics at play. The researcher sampled relevant documents, reports, and other secondary sources related to the study to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the impact of municipal by-laws on the provision of recreational facilities. Data was collected through desktop and observations. Desktop research involves the collection and analysis of existing data, information, and resources from various sources without conducting direct interactions or experiments. Through desktop, secondary sources related to the recreational sector were employed. Thematic Analysis was used to analyse data in the study. The results of this study made clear how important by-laws are for promoting social cohesion, nation- building, and environmental protection. They guarantee that recreational areas are accessible to everyone, including those with impairments and lower-income populations. Municipalities may redress historical injustices, advance social justice, and support the region's overall socioeconomic development by making sure that these facilities are accessible and fairly distributed. The recommendations include the alignment of municipal by-laws with these frameworks to guarantee thoughtful placement, equitable distribution, and upkeep of recreational facilities. In order to determine their needs and make sure that the facilities are applicable and extensively used, it is imperative that local communities be involved in the planning process.Item Embargo The role of good governance in promoting effective municipal service delivery: a case of Thulamela Local Municipality(2025-05-16) Phalanndwa, Ndamulelo; Maemu, E.Good governance has become a focal point in academic discourse due to its critical role in enhancing living standards and fostering societal development. Ever since the present South African government acquired power in 1994, the government prioritised improved governance and service delivery, further making promises to transform the quality of citizens’ livelihood through effective and efficient service delivery. However, South African local municipalities experience critical service delivery problems due to poor governance and administration within their jurisdiction. The study aimed to investigate the role of good governance in promoting effective municipal service delivery and develop a framework that will be used to improve good governance and service delivery in Thulamela Local Municipality. The study adopted a mixedmethod approach for data collection to achieve the study's objectives. The convergent parallel mixed method approach was used. The reason for using the convergent parallel mixed method was to enable the researcher to merge or converge qualitative and quantitative data to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research problem. A total of 120 respondents were sampled. The sampling technique that was used to sample the study population is non-probability sampling with its sub-type purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data was analysed using statistical analysis through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 29.0. The data was presented in the form of tables, frequencies, and percentages. Qualitative data was analysed using NVivo version 14. The data was analysed using thematic analysis, whereby data collected through interviews were grouped into themes and presented in a narrative form. The findings of this study inform the strategies for enhancing good governance practices to improve municipal service delivery, potentially benefiting the broader community and similar municipalities. The Major findings of the study are: • There is a relationship between good governance practices and effective municipal service delivery. • Thulamela Local Municipality faces challenges such as the lack of public participation, poor infrastructure maintenance and poor responsiveness. • The Municipality has several initiatives, such as the Integrated Development Plan (IDP), Mayor-Mahosi and Imbizos, to promote effective municipal service delivery. • Involving the communities in decision-making enhances governance and municipal service delivery. The following recommendations are therefore made based on the findings of the study: • The study recommends that the Municipality implement stronger transparency measures, ensuring that all stakeholders have access to information regarding budget allocations, project timelines, and service delivery updates. • The Municipality should improve the implementation of the IDP by involving the community more actively in the formulation and review processes. • The study recommends that the Municipality encourages public participation through E-Participation so that community members can participate at the comfort of their homes. • The Municipality should strengthen the monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to improve service delivery.