Factors contributing to sexually transmitted infections amongst adolescent on contraceptives in Mopani District, Limpopo Province

Abstract

Background: Sexually transmitted infections are the greatest concern to the health system, nationally and internationally. The age group that is at the highest risk of acquiring all types of STIs is the adolescents. The study aims to determine the factors that contribute to sexually transmitted infections amongst adolescents on contraceptives in the Mopani district of Limpopo Province. Methods: A Quantitative approach, which is a descriptive and cross-sectional design, was utilized; the population was adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years who were on contraceptives. Probability sampling was used to select both facilities and respondents for the study. Simple random sampling was employed to select respondents and the facilities where the study was conducted. Data collection was conducted using structured questionnaires; data analysis was completed using SPSS version 26 for descriptive analysis and cross-tabulation of questionnaire results; validity and reliability have been ensured throughout this study. Ethical considerations, such as the right to confidentiality, informed consent, and respect for respondents, guided the study. Findings: The findings have brought to light that adolescents had selective awareness (70%) regarding STI prevention and could not translate the prevention benefits, resulting in a notably low (45%) long-term health impact. Awareness of STIs was higher amongst older respondents (17 to 19 years) at 45% than amongst their younger counterparts. Forty-five percent (45%) of adolescents do not have equal access to the youth-friendly health service, which deprives them of getting the necessary knowledge related to sexually transmitted infections. Conclusion: The study outcome highlighted that adolescents have little knowledge about STIs and have many stigma concerns in relation to STIs. Therefore, these adolescents act without understanding the results of their sexual behavior and decisions. Recommendations: The study outcome recommended that there should be the integration of the STI and sexuality education into contraceptive services. The development of age-appropriate educational tools for adolescents to have comprehensive sexual health information and be able to negotiate safe sex practices through condom use. There must be improved access to adolescent- and youth-friendly services. If healthcare facilities are far from users, school health programs and outreach should be scheduled to visit adolescents and provide them with the necessary knowledge.