Non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy amongst adults living with HIV and AIDS in Makhado Municipality in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province

Abstract

South African HIV epidemic remains the largest in the world with an estimated 7.7 million people living with HIV in 2018. It accounts for a third of all new HIV infections in southern Africa. In 2018, there were 240,000 new HIV infections and about 71,000 South Africans died from AIDS-related illnesses. To meet the 90 90 90 targets by the end of 2020, patients are subject to uncompromising and long-term commitments of taking at least 95% of their treatment as prescribed. Evidence shows that patients are not adhering to treatment regardless of the systems that the government has initiated. The purpose of this study was to identify factors contributing to non-adherence levels to antiretroviral therapy amongst adults living with HIV and AIDS in Makhado Municipality. A quantitative, descriptive approach was adopted. Data was collected using a questionnaire with closed ended questions. The targeted population was made up of males and females between the ages of 18 to 59. Validity and reliability were ensured in the study. Pretesting was done in Kulani Gateway clinic and 10 respondents were selected. A sample of 225 respondents was selected from the targeted population using convenience sampling. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25.0.The analysed data were presented in tables/percentages and charts. The findings revealed that most respondents(80%) who have been on treatment for less than six months adhere more to treatment than respondents who have been on treatment for more than 24 months (57%). The studies also revealed that about 57.9% of respondents forget to take treatment when they have taken alcohol and 42.1% took their treatment even when they have taken alcohol. Side effects were identified as barriers to adherence. The study indicated most respondents (73.3%) experienced side effects especially in the first few months of commencing treatment. and about 26.7% did not report any side effects. In conclusion, Non-adherence to ART poses a major challenge in most regions of the world and in all stages of HIV infection. When patients adhere to treatment the virus will suppress, quality of life will improve and patients will also prevent cross infections. The study revealed factors contributing to nonadherence to ART that includes alcohol intake and side effects. The study also indicates a strong association between waiting times as a factor to improve on adherence. Therefore the study recommends that an intervention to address alcohol intake and side effects should be carried in Makhado Local Municipality.