Developing a Framework for User Acceptance of Biometric Authentication in Electronic Payment Systems in the Thulamela Local Municipality

Abstract

The adoption of e-payment systems has revolutionised financial transactions, offering convenience, efficiency, and accessibility. However, concerns over fraud and security have necessitated the implementation of advanced authentication techniques, with biometric authentication emerging as a promising solution. Despite its potential, user acceptance remains a critical barrier to its broader adoption, influenced by factors such as privacy concerns, trust, and socio-cultural perceptions. This study explored the determinants of biometric authentication acceptance within e-payment systems within the Thulamela Local Municipality, aiming to investigate the determinants that enhance user adoption. A quantitative research approach was adopted, using a structured survey to collect data from 399 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including regression modelling, were conducted to assess key determinants of biometric authentication adoption. The study applied the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as its theoretical foundation, integrating factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. The findings reveal that performance expectancy and effort expectancy significantly influence adoption intention. While perceived ease of use recorded a high mean score, the unexpected negative coefficient of perceived usefulness suggests that usability outweighs traditional usefulness in shaping user perceptions. Additionally, economic and social barriers pose notable challenges to biometric authentication adoption. Based on the insights from the research findings, a framework for enhancing biometric authentication acceptance was proposed, addressing key determinants through improved usability, building intuitive and user-centric interfaces for biometric authentication systems, awareness campaigns, and infrastructure investment, among others. The study concludes that while biometric authentication holds significant potential in enhancing security and efficiency in e-payment systems, addressing socio-economic and cultural barriers is essential for broader adoption. The study contributes to academic discourse by expanding UTAUT’s application in biometric authentication research while offering practical recommendations for policymakers and financial institutions. Ultimately, this study provides a strategic roadmap for advancing secure, inclusive, and user-friendly biometric authentication in e-payment systems.