A method of minimizing the proliferation of algae/cyanobacteria species on clay bricks

Abstract

The presence of Algae/Cyanobacteria in different environments such as water and or hard surfaces (brick pavements) is unwelcome due to either secretion of cyanotoxins and or mucilage. These secretions may be harmful to humans. The main purpose of this study was to develop a formula for making clay bricks incorporating banana matrix and coal powder. The objective of this study was to review the state of knowledge in terms of control of algae/cyanobacteria in general and clay, coal, and banana chemical composition, controlling the algae/cyanobacteria growth using modified clay bricks. The bricks' physical properties were examined, including water absorption, compressive strength, color, impact, efflorescence, dimensional stability, tolerance, and wrappage tests. Banana peels (Musa sapientum) were gathered from farms and markets, dried by the sun, pounded in a pestle and mortar, and sieved through (<2 mm) before being subjected to analysis. A jaw crusher, milling machine, oven, CBR, weighing balance, spectrophotometer, and ICP-OES were utilized. A small metal brick-box frame, a hand mixing machine, and a measured water jug were used when building clay bricks. Modified bricks were made of clay soil, coal powder, and banana powder, in different composition). The modified clay bricks were then submerged in BG 11 liquid media with growing algae/cyanobacteria suspension for a period of 90 days. The samples' pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and absorbance levels were all measured. The single factor ANOVA showed a significant difference between the treated samples B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, and B7 and the control from day 1 through month 3. The p-values for this difference from day 1 through month 3 were 0.017, 0.007, 0.011, 0.007, 0.009, 0.001, 0.003, 0.001, 0.015, 0.015, and 0.001 The single-factor ANOVA found a significant difference between the treated samples CB1, CB2, CB3, CB4, CB5, CB6, and CB7. The p-value was p<5 from day 1 to week 4, 0.005 to 0.003, 0.005 to 0.003414, 0.004 to 0.002, 0.011 to 0.017, and 0.012 to 0.007. There was no significant difference in coal in 1 and 2 months. It was found that the absorbance on the untreated and control samples was not inhibiting the algae. It continued to develop. The untreated samples C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7 significantly differed, according to the single factor ANOVA. The p-value was p<5 and within the 95% confidence range from day 1 to month 3, and it was 0.011, 0.004, 0.006, 0.003, 0.023, 0.018, 0.004, 0.003, 0.006, 0.004, and 0.004. According to this study, using banana peel powder effectively inhibited algae and cyanobacterial species from growing on clay bricks. The outcomes also demonstrated that using coal + banana powder effectively inhibited cyanobacteria. Based on the findings, banana powder has been shown to have a high potassium content, which is v supported by ICP-OES results. Additionally, modified clay (banana) bricks were analysed and were found to have a higher potassium concentration than other bricks when compared to other metals (Ni, Na, and Mn). Overall the modified clay bricks with banana biomass displayed excellent characteristics in inhibiting blue-green algae/cyanobacteria. They may be applied to an environment where the blue- green algae/cyanobacteria are proliferating to reduce or eliminate its harmful algal bloom.