Assessing indigenous knowledge systems for management of plant communities and water resources: A case study of Thulamela Local Municipality communities

Abstract

This study assessed the contribution of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) to the management of natural vegetation and water resources in Thulamela Local Municipality, South Africa. The research aimed to assess the then-current use of IKS in resource management, identify prevailing indigenous methods, examine challenges to their implementation, and propose integrated management strategies that aligned indigenous and scientific approaches. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 400 respondents across ten villages through interviews, questionnaires, and field observations. Findings showed that 75% of participants actively used IKS methods such as sacred forest preservation, taboos, rainwater harvesting, storytelling, and community-based conservation. Qualitative insights revealed strong cultural and ecological values attached to these practices, while quantitative data showed clear associations between IKS application and improved perceptions of environmental health. However, generational shifts indicated declining interest among youth, driven by modernization and the lack of IKS inclusion in formal education. Spatial differences also emerged, with traditional villages maintaining stronger IKS practices than more urbanized areas. The study concluded that IKS was vital for local sustainability and climate resilience. Their integration into environmental policy, education, and planning was essential. Recommendations included documentation of IKS, policy recognition, and community-based awareness initiatives to ensure their preservation and application.