Student Perceptions of Hate Crimes Against LGBT Persons: A Victimological Inquiry

Abstract

Hate crimes against LGBT people are a serious human rights issue worldwide. They have profound effects on the mental, social, and academic well-being of victims. In South Africa, even with a progressive constitution that protects sexual orientation and gender identity, violence, discrimination, and harassment against LGBT individuals continue. In higher education institutions, this kind of bias can create hostile environments that harm inclusion and equality. This study looked at how students perceive hate crimes against LGBT people at the University of Venda. It focused on three main goals: to investigate the victimization experiences of LGBT students, to explore social and cultural factors that lead to discrimination, and to find effective strategies for prevention and intervention.A qualitative research approach was used, and twenty participants were chosen through non-probability purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, allowing participants to share detailed stories about their experiences. Data collection continued until no new information emerged. The interviews were recorded, transcribed word for word, and analyzed thematically to find patterns and themes related to the research goals. The findings showed that LGBT students face different types of victimization, such as verbal abuse, physical attacks, social exclusion, and cyberbullying. Factors contributing to discrimination included deep-rooted cultural and religious beliefs, societal ignorance, stereotypes, and fear of judgment. The study also pointed out that institutional protections are weak, reporting mechanisms are limited, and awareness programs are lacking. However, participants suggested that education, awareness campaigns, supportive policies, and strong allyship are essential measures to tackle these issues.