Reluctance of men to report gender-based violence perpetrated by their partners

Abstract

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major global health and human rights issue that affects people of all ages and genders. Nonetheless, GBV directed at men is often overlooked, leaving many male victims to suffer repeated abuse and assault without proper recognition or support. Social work is essential in addressing the multilayered damages that result from GBV among men. They intervene in cases of GBV using casework, group work, and community work as primary methods of intervention. This study explored men's reluctance to report GBV perpetrated by their female partners. It sought to understand their lived experiences and coping mechanisms, available interventions and the factors driving underreporting of such cases. A qualitative research approach employing a case study design was used, and data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 10 male participants selected through snowball sampling. The data were thematically analysed to identify common patterns and themes that emerged from the participants' experiences. The research revealed that male victims frequently experience emotional, sexual, and controlling behaviour and physical abuse but are reluctant to report due to fear of mockery, denial, and entrenched gender ideals that define masculinity as strength and invulnerability. Insufficient support structures, entrenched patriarchal norms, concerns about family stability, and loss of trust in government institutions all contribute to underreporting. Despite these obstacles, participants demonstrated resilience by employing coping mechanisms such as faith-based reliance, avoidance, and leaving the relationship. However, others engaged in maladaptive behaviours such as cheating and social activities such as drinking. Key recommendations from the study include developing inclusive awareness campaigns, training service providers to recognise and respond to male victimisation and revising policy frameworks to offer equitable protection and assistance for all GBV survivors, regardless of gender. The study makes a significant contribution to the literature on GBV by shedding light on the hidden realities of male survivors. It also emphasises the critical need for gender-sensitive interventions, legal reforms, and a societal shift toward understanding GBV as a human rights issue that necessitates empathy, inclusivity, and shared responsibility.