A model to promote moral regeneration among nurses in Limpopo province, South Africa

Abstract

Moral regeneration involves the recognition and application of universal moral values. These moral values include human dignity, equality and freedom. However, the most important value is human dignity, as agreed to by all South African. The purpose of the study was to develop a model that could promote moral regeneration among nurses in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study adopted multiphase methods consisting of three phases. Phase 1 which is an empirical phase includes both quantitative (stage1) and qualitative (stage 2) research approaches. The population for the quantitative approach involved different categories of nurses. A stratified sampling technique was used to sample 160 nurses. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analysed statistically. The findings of this study revealed that some nurses do practice ethical and ethical-moral behaviour and possess knowledge regarding ethical-moral behaviour. It was also clear that the majority of this knowledge was predicted by race and religion. Those who were Christians were found to be the main significant contributors to the prediction of knowledge regarding ethical and ethical-moral behaviour. The population for the qualitative approach involved patients who were purposefully sampled. Data was collected through individual face to face with 18 participants and focus group interviews with 60 participants. Data were analysed using eight steps as described by Techs. Results from patients revealed both positive and negative responses. Some participants indicated that most of the time interaction with the elderly people were observed as being poor and nurses usually spend most of their time with other younger patients rather than the elderly. Nurses were said to be harsh and rude to patients. Patients’ positive views included that some nurses displayed empathy and sympathy and caring behaviours. Some participants feared to tell the truth because they feared being victimised. Validity, reliability and trustworthiness were ensured. Ethical principles were adhered to. Phase 2 involved concept analysis which was conducted using Walker and Avant steps to clarify and distinguish the definition of the identified concept and model development applying the framework of Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968). During phase 3 the model was validated using a quantitative approach. Recommendations were made concerning the promotion of good ethical behaviour among nurses in Limpopo Province. The recommendation was also made regarding nursing practice, community, regulatory body and hospital, education, policies and future research. This study concludes that patients’ views regarding nurses unacceptable ethical behaviour are a problem to them and impacts negatively on their wellbeing when hospitalized.