Gitari, Mugera W.Mudzielwana, Rabelani2022-10-282022-10-282018-11-05Gitari, Mugera W. & Mudzielwana, R. 2018. Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Raw and Modified Clays and Their Application in Arsenic and Fluoride Removal: Review. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/2314DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.74474http://hdl.handle.net/11602/2314Clay and clay minerals have always been used since the ancient times for making ceramic materials and also as a building material. Over the past decades, there has been a growing trend in their applicability in different areas such as industries, environmental remediation and water treatment sectors. The growing trend is mainly associated with the fact that they are chemically and mechanically stable, have higher specific surface area and cation exchange capacity. Furthermore, clays can be modified to improve their functionalities in different sectors. In this chapter, we present a review of the structural, mineralogical and chemical properties of clay and the effect of surface modification in their structures. We further looked at their applicability in arsenic and fluoride removal in their raw and also in their modified form. Although the literature showed that modified clay minerals yields higher adsorption capacity as compared to raw clays little nothing has been reported yet in relation to the cost of modifying clays with chemical species. As such new studies should also elaborate on the cost effectiveness of modifying clay minerals with chemical species.enClay mineralsUCTDPhysicochemical propertiesMineralogySurface modificationAdsorptionMineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Raw and Modified Clays and Their Application in Arsenic and Fluoride Removal: ReviewArticleGitari Mugera W, Mudzielwana R. Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Raw and Modified Clays and Their Application in Arsenic and Fluoride Removal: Review. 2018; http://hdl.handle.net/11602/2314.Gitari, Mugera W., & Mudzielwana, R. (2018). Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Raw and Modified Clays and Their Application in Arsenic and Fluoride Removal: Review. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/2314Gitari, Mugera W., and Rabelani Mudzielwana "Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Raw and Modified Clays and Their Application in Arsenic and Fluoride Removal: Review." (2018) http://hdl.handle.net/11602/2314TY - Article AU - Gitari, Mugera W. AU - Mudzielwana, Rabelani AB - Clay and clay minerals have always been used since the ancient times for making ceramic materials and also as a building material. Over the past decades, there has been a growing trend in their applicability in different areas such as industries, environmental remediation and water treatment sectors. The growing trend is mainly associated with the fact that they are chemically and mechanically stable, have higher specific surface area and cation exchange capacity. Furthermore, clays can be modified to improve their functionalities in different sectors. In this chapter, we present a review of the structural, mineralogical and chemical properties of clay and the effect of surface modification in their structures. We further looked at their applicability in arsenic and fluoride removal in their raw and also in their modified form. Although the literature showed that modified clay minerals yields higher adsorption capacity as compared to raw clays little nothing has been reported yet in relation to the cost of modifying clays with chemical species. As such new studies should also elaborate on the cost effectiveness of modifying clay minerals with chemical species. DA - 2018-11-05 DB - ResearchSpace DP - Univen KW - Clay minerals KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Mineralogy KW - Surface modification KW - Adsorption LK - https://univendspace.univen.ac.za PY - 2018 T1 - Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Raw and Modified Clays and Their Application in Arsenic and Fluoride Removal: Review TI - Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Raw and Modified Clays and Their Application in Arsenic and Fluoride Removal: Review UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11602/2314 ER -