Taylor, Peter J.Ramoelo, AbelDondofema, Farai2024-10-012024-10-012024-09-06Dondofema, F. 2024. <i>Modelling the spatial distributions and water use of Mauritius thorn (Caesalpinia decapetala) and river red gum (Eucalyptus camal dulensis) using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques in the Vhembe Bioshere Reserve</i>. s.l.: s.n. .https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/handle/11602/2685Ph.D.(Environmental Sciences)Department of Geography and Environmental SciencesThere is a need for in-depth knowledge of the spatial distributions and water use by Mauritius thorn (Caesalpinia decapetala) and River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve (VBR). Three remote sensing imagery platforms were assessed in terms of their ability to classify land cover within the VBR accurately. Supervised classification of Colour Digital Aerial Imagery (CDAI), SPOT 6 and Worldview 2 images was done using Harris Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) 5.3 and Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS 10.8.3 software. The Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) algorithm was used for the three images to identify the best image for the species-level classification. The accuracy of the classifications produced by the three images was evident that had a Kappa coefficient of 0.757 (substantial strength of agreement) for CDAI, 0.80 (substantial strength of agreement) for Worldview 2 and 0.857 (almost perfect strength of agreement) for SPOT 6 imagery. The classification performance of SPOT 6 imagery led to its use for species-level classification. The species-level classification produced an accuracy with a kappa coefficient of 0.8750 (almost perfect strength of agreement). The highly accurate performance of the SPOT imagery was used for subsequent analysis of variation in the distribution of C. decapetala and E. camaldulensis. The species-level classification shows an increased suitable habitat from west to east along the Soutpansberg mountain and riparian areas. Stepwise Logistic Regression (SLR) and Maximum Entropy Modelling (MaxEnt) were used to show the distribution of C. decapetala and E. camaldulensis in the VBR. Twenty-one predictor variables split into environmental and remote sensing data were collected across two seasons (hot-dry, cool-dry) from seventy-four (39 presences and 35 absence sites) for E. camaldulensis and seventy-eight (32 presences and 46 absence sites) C. decapetala from fourteen belt transects and forty quadrants measuring 200 x 200m within the VBR. The stepwise logistic regression analysis shows that variables accounted for significant variations in C. decapetala and E. camaldulensis distribution. The model increases suitable habitat from west to east along the Soutpansberg mountain and riparian areas. The MaxEnt modelling produced an AUC of 0.811 for river red gum, the random, and 0.668 C. decapetala. The two models' high performance indicates high accuracy for the predictability of spatial distribution at the global and local levels. Water is used by IAPS using remotely sensed Evapotranspiration (ET) derivatives from the Food and Agriculture Organisation’s (FAO) Water Productivity Open-access Portal (WaPOR). ET products as a proxy for plant water focusing on E. camaldulensis and C. decapetala in the VBR. The study focused on the WaPOR remote sensing-based products, such as actual Evapotranspiration and Interception (ETIa) and Gross Biomass Water Productivity (GBWP). Analysing the relationship between water loss and biomass productivity products extracted from the FAO WaPOR platform at various spatiotemporal scales. WaPOR products enabled comparing plant water used by C. decapetala and E. camaldulensis within the Luvuvhu catchment. The correlation results indicate that plant water loss (ETIa) and plant productivity (GBWP) show a significant relationship that can be used to understand IAPS distribution. The analysis of the site and ETIa showed significant relationships between F (60.28) and P (0.000) between the ETIa for C. decapetala sites. In contrast, the analysis of GBWP did not show any significant relationship between F (0.85) and P (0.359). In the case of river red gum, analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the sites and ETIa showed significant relationships between F (33.9) and P (0.000) and the ETIa for C. decapetala sites. In contrast, the analysis of GBWP did not show any significant relationship between F (1.59) and P (0.212). Establishing the relationship between vegetation's evaporation and biomass components can broadly indicate how C. decapetala and E. camaldulensis proliferation affect the water use in the Luvuvhu River catchment. This was achieved using water, as represented by ETIa, and plant biomass production in the form of GBWP. A synthesis of the results and provide possible frameworks that can be used for managing IAPS. A framework (Biotic, Abiotic, and Movement (BAM) Framework) that can be considered when using GIS, RS, and modelling to understand the distribution of IAPS was developed. Combining findings, providing recommendations and conclusions for conservation and management. We conclude that GIS, RS, and modelling can be used to monitor and assess the significant spread of IAPS in the VBR. We advocate the inclusion of GIS, RS, and modelling in the management of IAPS in protected areas.1 online resource (xxi, 310 leaves) : color illustrations, color mapsenUniversity of VendaUCTDThesisDondofema F. Modelling the spatial distributions and water use of Mauritius thorn (Caesalpinia decapetala) and river red gum (Eucalyptus camal dulensis) using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques in the Vhembe Bioshere Reserve. [place unknown]: [publisher unknown]; 2024.Dondofema, F. (2024). <i>Modelling the spatial distributions and water use of Mauritius thorn (Caesalpinia decapetala) and river red gum (Eucalyptus camal dulensis) using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques in the Vhembe Bioshere Reserve</i>.Dondofema, Farai. <i>Modelling the spatial distributions and water use of Mauritius thorn (Caesalpinia decapetala) and river red gum (Eucalyptus camal dulensis) using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques in the Vhembe Bioshere Reserve</i>. n.p.: n.p. 2024. .TY - Book AU - Dondofema, Farai AB - There is a need for in-depth knowledge of the spatial distributions and water use by Mauritius thorn (Caesalpinia decapetala) and River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve (VBR). Three remote sensing imagery platforms were assessed in terms of their ability to classify land cover within the VBR accurately. Supervised classification of Colour Digital Aerial Imagery (CDAI), SPOT 6 and Worldview 2 images was done using Harris Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) 5.3 and Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS 10.8.3 software. The Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) algorithm was used for the three images to identify the best image for the species-level classification. The accuracy of the classifications produced by the three images was evident that had a Kappa coefficient of 0.757 (substantial strength of agreement) for CDAI, 0.80 (substantial strength of agreement) for Worldview 2 and 0.857 (almost perfect strength of agreement) for SPOT 6 imagery. The classification performance of SPOT 6 imagery led to its use for species-level classification. The species-level classification produced an accuracy with a kappa coefficient of 0.8750 (almost perfect strength of agreement). The highly accurate performance of the SPOT imagery was used for subsequent analysis of variation in the distribution of C. decapetala and E. camaldulensis. The species-level classification shows an increased suitable habitat from west to east along the Soutpansberg mountain and riparian areas. Stepwise Logistic Regression (SLR) and Maximum Entropy Modelling (MaxEnt) were used to show the distribution of C. decapetala and E. camaldulensis in the VBR. Twenty-one predictor variables split into environmental and remote sensing data were collected across two seasons (hot-dry, cool-dry) from seventy-four (39 presences and 35 absence sites) for E. camaldulensis and seventy-eight (32 presences and 46 absence sites) C. decapetala from fourteen belt transects and forty quadrants measuring 200 x 200m within the VBR. The stepwise logistic regression analysis shows that variables accounted for significant variations in C. decapetala and E. camaldulensis distribution. The model increases suitable habitat from west to east along the Soutpansberg mountain and riparian areas. The MaxEnt modelling produced an AUC of 0.811 for river red gum, the random, and 0.668 C. decapetala. The two models' high performance indicates high accuracy for the predictability of spatial distribution at the global and local levels. Water is used by IAPS using remotely sensed Evapotranspiration (ET) derivatives from the Food and Agriculture Organisation’s (FAO) Water Productivity Open-access Portal (WaPOR). ET products as a proxy for plant water focusing on E. camaldulensis and C. decapetala in the VBR. The study focused on the WaPOR remote sensing-based products, such as actual Evapotranspiration and Interception (ETIa) and Gross Biomass Water Productivity (GBWP). Analysing the relationship between water loss and biomass productivity products extracted from the FAO WaPOR platform at various spatiotemporal scales. WaPOR products enabled comparing plant water used by C. decapetala and E. camaldulensis within the Luvuvhu catchment. The correlation results indicate that plant water loss (ETIa) and plant productivity (GBWP) show a significant relationship that can be used to understand IAPS distribution. The analysis of the site and ETIa showed significant relationships between F (60.28) and P (0.000) between the ETIa for C. decapetala sites. In contrast, the analysis of GBWP did not show any significant relationship between F (0.85) and P (0.359). In the case of river red gum, analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the sites and ETIa showed significant relationships between F (33.9) and P (0.000) and the ETIa for C. decapetala sites. In contrast, the analysis of GBWP did not show any significant relationship between F (1.59) and P (0.212). Establishing the relationship between vegetation's evaporation and biomass components can broadly indicate how C. decapetala and E. camaldulensis proliferation affect the water use in the Luvuvhu River catchment. This was achieved using water, as represented by ETIa, and plant biomass production in the form of GBWP. A synthesis of the results and provide possible frameworks that can be used for managing IAPS. A framework (Biotic, Abiotic, and Movement (BAM) Framework) that can be considered when using GIS, RS, and modelling to understand the distribution of IAPS was developed. Combining findings, providing recommendations and conclusions for conservation and management. We conclude that GIS, RS, and modelling can be used to monitor and assess the significant spread of IAPS in the VBR. We advocate the inclusion of GIS, RS, and modelling in the management of IAPS in protected areas. DA - 2024-09-06 DB - ResearchSpace DP - Univen LK - https://univendspace.univen.ac.za PY - 2024 T1 - Modelling the spatial distributions and water use of Mauritius thorn (Caesalpinia decapetala) and river red gum (Eucalyptus camal dulensis) using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques in the Vhembe Bioshere Reserve TI - Modelling the spatial distributions and water use of Mauritius thorn (Caesalpinia decapetala) and river red gum (Eucalyptus camal dulensis) using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques in the Vhembe Bioshere Reserve UR - ER -