<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-18T16:55:05Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:univendspace.univen.ac.za:11602/1876" metadataPrefix="dim">https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:univendspace.univen.ac.za:11602/1876</identifier><datestamp>2024-09-10T14:48:57Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_11602_2111</setSpec><setSpec>col_11602_2112</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor">Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor">Molokwane, T, (Quest Editor)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author">Sambo, V.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2022-02-18T07:47:58Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2022-02-18T07:47:58Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued">2021</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="citation">Sambo, V. 2021. Is Accountability in the Management of Public Finances a Myth? The Case of the West Rand District Municipality. Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA). 215-222.&amp;lt;http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1876&amp;gt;.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="isbn">978-0-620-92730-7 (print)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="isbn">978-0-620-92751-2 (e-book)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1876</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="vancouvercitation" lang="en_ZA">Sambo V. Is Accountability in the Management of Public Finances a Myth? The Case of the West Rand District Municipality. 2021; http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1876.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="apacitation" lang="en_ZA">Sambo, V. (2021). Is Accountability in the Management of Public Finances a Myth? The Case of the West Rand District Municipality. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1876</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="chicagocitation" lang="en_ZA">Sambo, V. &amp;quot;Is Accountability in the Management of Public Finances a Myth? The Case of the West Rand District Municipality.&amp;quot; (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1876</dim:field>
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TY  - Article&#xd;
AU  - Sambo, V.&#xd;
AB  - Several South African municipalities, including West Rand District Municipality (WRDM) had deposited&#xd;
funds into VBS Mutual Bank, which they subsequently lost because of the severe illiquidity that the bank&#xd;
experienced. On 11 March 2018, the then Minister of Finance, Mr Nhlanhla Nene placed the VBS mutual Bank&#xd;
under curatorship due the liquidity crisis, as explained above. This liquidity crisis was caused by amongst others&#xd;
what has been reported as grand theft of the bank&amp;apos;s funds and fraud by allegedly amongst others, the bank&amp;apos;s&#xd;
directors. The VBS theft and fraud case is currently being heard in court, and some of those who are alleged to&#xd;
have benefitted have been charged. Section 7(3)(b) of the Local Government: Municipal Finance Management&#xd;
Act (MFMA) 56 of 2003 requires municipalities to only open bank accounts such as investment accounts with&#xd;
banks registered in terms of the Banks Act 94 of 1990. Investments in mutual banks such as VBS are as such&#xd;
prohibited by the MFMA. As described above, the WRDM is one of the 14 municipalities, which were found to&#xd;
have illegally deposited money into VBS, whereby municipal officials and political office bearers are alleged to&#xd;
have personally benefitted for making such deposits. A forensic report by audit firm Deloitte, published in 2019&#xd;
indicates that the WRDM may have lost as much as R224.5 million after illegally investing in the now-defunct&#xd;
VBS bank. The paper used the qualitative methodology wherein the materials used consisted of documents&#xd;
in the public domain. Through a careful analysis of both primary and secondary sources of information and&#xd;
statutes on local government finance, the researcher provides an in-depth and objective description of the&#xd;
case. The paper considered the necessary prerequisites that need to be in place to ensure accountability in&#xd;
the management of public finances at the WRDM, and come up with a framework that will highlight these&#xd;
prerequisites. The paper highlights three broad prerequisites in this regard, that is, following an accountability&#xd;
ladder, instituting internal controls and implementing a combined assurance model. The presence of these&#xd;
prerequisites could go a long way in ensuring that there is accountability in the management of public finances&#xd;
DA  - 2021&#xd;
DB  - ResearchSpace&#xd;
DP  - Univen&#xd;
KW  - Accountability&#xd;
KW  - Internal control&#xd;
KW  - Internal audit&#xd;
KW  - Combined assurance&#xd;
KW  - West Rand District Municipality&#xd;
LK  - https://univendspace.univen.ac.za&#xd;
PY  - 2021&#xd;
SM  - 978-0-620-92730-7 (print)&#xd;
SM  - 978-0-620-92751-2 (e-book)&#xd;
T1  - Is Accountability in the Management of Public Finances a Myth? The Case of the West Rand District Municipality&#xd;
TI  - Is Accountability in the Management of Public Finances a Myth? The Case of the West Rand District Municipality&#xd;
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1876&#xd;
ER  - &#xd;
</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_ZA">Journal articles published in the 6th International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 06-08 October 2021, Virtual Conference.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en_ZA">Several South African municipalities, including West Rand District Municipality (WRDM) had deposited&#xd;
funds into VBS Mutual Bank, which they subsequently lost because of the severe illiquidity that the bank&#xd;
experienced. On 11 March 2018, the then Minister of Finance, Mr Nhlanhla Nene placed the VBS mutual Bank&#xd;
under curatorship due the liquidity crisis, as explained above. This liquidity crisis was caused by amongst others&#xd;
what has been reported as grand theft of the bank&amp;apos;s funds and fraud by allegedly amongst others, the bank&amp;apos;s&#xd;
directors. The VBS theft and fraud case is currently being heard in court, and some of those who are alleged to&#xd;
have benefitted have been charged. Section 7(3)(b) of the Local Government: Municipal Finance Management&#xd;
Act (MFMA) 56 of 2003 requires municipalities to only open bank accounts such as investment accounts with&#xd;
banks registered in terms of the Banks Act 94 of 1990. Investments in mutual banks such as VBS are as such&#xd;
prohibited by the MFMA. As described above, the WRDM is one of the 14 municipalities, which were found to&#xd;
have illegally deposited money into VBS, whereby municipal officials and political office bearers are alleged to&#xd;
have personally benefitted for making such deposits. A forensic report by audit firm Deloitte, published in 2019&#xd;
indicates that the WRDM may have lost as much as R224.5 million after illegally investing in the now-defunct&#xd;
VBS bank. The paper used the qualitative methodology wherein the materials used consisted of documents&#xd;
in the public domain. Through a careful analysis of both primary and secondary sources of information and&#xd;
statutes on local government finance, the researcher provides an in-depth and objective description of the&#xd;
case. The paper considered the necessary prerequisites that need to be in place to ensure accountability in&#xd;
the management of public finances at the WRDM, and come up with a framework that will highlight these&#xd;
prerequisites. The paper highlights three broad prerequisites in this regard, that is, following an accountability&#xd;
ladder, instituting internal controls and implementing a combined assurance model. The presence of these&#xd;
prerequisites could go a long way in ensuring that there is accountability in the management of public finances</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="extent">1 online resource (7 pages)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso" lang="en_ZA">en</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="publisher">International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="relation" qualifier="requires">PDF</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Accountability</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">UCTD</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Internal control</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Internal audit</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Combined assurance</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">West Rand District Municipality</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en_ZA">Is Accountability in the Management of Public Finances a Myth? The Case of the West Rand District Municipality</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="type" lang="en_ZA">Article</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="others" element="access-status">open.access</dim:field>
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