<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-18T16:58:23Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:univendspace.univen.ac.za:11602/1851" metadataPrefix="dim">https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:univendspace.univen.ac.za:11602/1851</identifier><datestamp>2024-09-10T14:49:40Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_11602_2111</setSpec><setSpec>col_11602_2112</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor">Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor">Molokwane, T. (Quest Editor)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author">Gamede, N. W.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2022-02-16T06:34:39Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2022-02-16T06:34:39Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued">2021</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="citation">Gamede, N. W. 2021. Factors that Influence Social Protests and their Effect on Peace and Stability in Africa. Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA). 131-141.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="isbn">978-0-620-92730-7 (print)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="issn">978-0-620-92751-2 (e-book)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1851</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="vancouvercitation" lang="en_ZA">Gamede N W. Factors that Influence Social Protests and their Effect on Peace and Stability in Africa. 2021; http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1851.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="apacitation" lang="en_ZA">Gamede, N.  W. (2021). Factors that Influence Social Protests and their Effect on Peace and Stability in Africa. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1851</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="chicagocitation" lang="en_ZA">Gamede, N. W. &amp;quot;Factors that Influence Social Protests and their Effect on Peace and Stability in Africa.&amp;quot; (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1851</dim:field>
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TY  - Article&#xd;
AU  - Gamede, N. W.&#xd;
AB  - The emergence of democratic governance in Africa in the aftermath of the Cold War in the 1990s&#xd;
has been marred by the rise and spread of violent social protests. These protests mostly result from the lack&#xd;
of quality basic services to the people that then deprive them of their freedom from fear and wants. As a form&#xd;
of political expression, social protests influence the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of the public, and are&#xd;
particularly aimed at policy-makers in political leadership and/or organisations. For example, Africa has seen&#xd;
a huge resurgence of public protests that manifest in public demonstrations, petitions, boycotts, lobbying, and&#xd;
various online activities. Social protests in Africa are influenced by the lack of inclusive political leadership and&#xd;
the existence of uneven political institutions that foster the gap between the haves and have-nots. As a result,&#xd;
the African problems and conflicts have become intractable, and affect the achievement of peace and security.&#xd;
In Africa, social protests have intensified conflicts and civil wars, while on other continents, they have led to&#xd;
political leaders&amp;apos; addressing the issues that led to human rights violations. This means that social protests can&#xd;
foster a culture of peace and stability. There is scant literature that explains the factors that have led to the&#xd;
recurrence of protests in Africa. This presents a unique gap in the current literature that has not yet received&#xd;
academic attention. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the factors influencing social protests and their effect&#xd;
on peace and security in Africa. The research question the paper seeks to answer is: What factors could lead to&#xd;
the recurrence of social protests, and what are possible ways to address the threats that these social protests&#xd;
pose to peace and security in society?&#xd;
DA  - 2021&#xd;
DB  - ResearchSpace&#xd;
DP  - Univen&#xd;
KW  - Corruption&#xd;
KW  - Africa&#xd;
KW  - Peace&#xd;
KW  - Protests&#xd;
KW  - Security&#xd;
LK  - https://univendspace.univen.ac.za&#xd;
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T1  - Factors that Influence Social Protests and their Effect on Peace and Stability in Africa&#xd;
TI  - Factors that Influence Social Protests and their Effect on Peace and Stability in Africa&#xd;
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   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_ZA">Journal articles published in the International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 06-08 October 2021, Virtual Conference</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en_ZA">The emergence of democratic governance in Africa in the aftermath of the Cold War in the 1990s&#xd;
has been marred by the rise and spread of violent social protests. These protests mostly result from the lack&#xd;
of quality basic services to the people that then deprive them of their freedom from fear and wants. As a form&#xd;
of political expression, social protests influence the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of the public, and are&#xd;
particularly aimed at policy-makers in political leadership and/or organisations. For example, Africa has seen&#xd;
a huge resurgence of public protests that manifest in public demonstrations, petitions, boycotts, lobbying, and&#xd;
various online activities. Social protests in Africa are influenced by the lack of inclusive political leadership and&#xd;
the existence of uneven political institutions that foster the gap between the haves and have-nots. As a result,&#xd;
the African problems and conflicts have become intractable, and affect the achievement of peace and security.&#xd;
In Africa, social protests have intensified conflicts and civil wars, while on other continents, they have led to&#xd;
political leaders&amp;apos; addressing the issues that led to human rights violations. This means that social protests can&#xd;
foster a culture of peace and stability. There is scant literature that explains the factors that have led to the&#xd;
recurrence of protests in Africa. This presents a unique gap in the current literature that has not yet received&#xd;
academic attention. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the factors influencing social protests and their effect&#xd;
on peace and security in Africa. The research question the paper seeks to answer is: What factors could lead to&#xd;
the recurrence of social protests, and what are possible ways to address the threats that these social protests&#xd;
pose to peace and security in society?</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="extent">1 online resource (10 pages)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso" lang="en_ZA">en</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="publisher">International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="relation" qualifier="requires">PDF</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Corruption</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">UCTD</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Africa</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Peace</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Protests</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Security</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en_ZA">Factors that Influence Social Protests and their Effect on Peace and Stability in Africa</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="type" lang="en_ZA">Article</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="others" element="access-status">open.access</dim:field>
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