<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-18T16:57:00Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:univendspace.univen.ac.za:11602/1846" metadataPrefix="dim">https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:univendspace.univen.ac.za:11602/1846</identifier><datestamp>2024-09-10T14:45:57Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_11602_2111</setSpec><setSpec>col_11602_2112</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor">Sebola, M. P. (Chief Editor)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor">Molokwane T. (Quest Editor)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author">Maleka, M.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author">Mpofu, M.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author">Hlatywayo, K.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2022-02-15T12:27:22Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2022-02-15T12:27:22Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued">2021</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="citation">Maleka, M. and Mpofu, C. K. Hlatywayo. 2021. Low-Income Workers Perceptions About a Living Wage in the Tshwane Municipality. Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA). 62-70.&amp;lt;http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1846&amp;gt;.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="isbn">978-0-620-92730-7 (print)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="isbn">978-0-620-92751-2 (e-book)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1846</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="vancouvercitation" lang="en_ZA">Maleka M, Mpofu M, Hlatywayo K. Low-Income Workers Perceptions About a Living Wage in the Tshwane Municipality. 2021; http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1846.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="apacitation" lang="en_ZA">Maleka, M., Mpofu, M., &amp;amp; Hlatywayo, K. (2021). Low-Income Workers Perceptions About a Living Wage in the Tshwane Municipality. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1846</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="chicagocitation" lang="en_ZA">Maleka, M., M. Mpofu, and K. Hlatywayo &amp;quot;Low-Income Workers Perceptions About a Living Wage in the Tshwane Municipality.&amp;quot; (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1846</dim:field>
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TY  - Article&#xd;
AU  - Maleka, M.&#xd;
AU  - Mpofu, M.&#xd;
AU  - Hlatywayo, K.&#xd;
AB  - A living wage is predicted as one of the panaceas to take low-remuneration workers out of the poverty&#xd;
trap, to empower and sustain them to live a dignified life. In the literature it is argued that low-remuneration&#xd;
workers work in precarious jobs globally. Theoretically a living wage is predicted by many factors, but for the&#xd;
purpose of this study the focus was on gender, the economic sector, benefits and employment status. With&#xd;
the exception of economic sector, the other factors and living wage are associated with these United Nation&amp;apos;s&#xd;
Sustainable Development Goals: 1 (poverty reduction), 8 (decent wage) and 10 (gender parity). In terms of&#xd;
the former, it is argued that the wage gap is a reality in the workplaces because males still earn higher than&#xd;
females. Research show that low-remuneration workers still earn wages that still traps them in poverty, and&#xd;
their working condition are not conducive. A quantitative cross-sectional survey approach was adopted while&#xd;
convenience sampling was used to select respondents (n=205), since the researcher did not have a sampling&#xd;
frame. A validated questionnaire was used to collect the data. Logistic regression was deemed appropriate to&#xd;
use, since the perception of a living wage was binary. The main finding showed a positive relationship between&#xd;
employment status and a living wage while the variables of benefits and economic sector decreased the likelihood&#xd;
of low-income workers to perceive their remuneration as a living wage by 46% and 40% respectively.&#xd;
Additionally, low-income workers who were employed on a permanent basis, were 3.8 times more likely to&#xd;
perceive their remuneration as a living wage. Findings from the study are key for policy makers and researchers&#xd;
as we benchmark the tipping point between paying reasonable wage and profits. The implication is that&#xd;
organisations should offer employees benefits, like medical aid, education, and training, so that they can have&#xd;
medical aid and improve their skills or competency levels; ensure that non-permanent employees work hours&#xd;
that will allow them to afford basic needs while perception studies should be done prior to the implementation&#xd;
of a living wage that is determined by calculating labour economic variables&#xd;
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   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description">Journal articles published in the 6th International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA), 06-08 October 2021, Virtual Conference.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en_ZA">A living wage is predicted as one of the panaceas to take low-remuneration workers out of the poverty&#xd;
trap, to empower and sustain them to live a dignified life. In the literature it is argued that low-remuneration&#xd;
workers work in precarious jobs globally. Theoretically a living wage is predicted by many factors, but for the&#xd;
purpose of this study the focus was on gender, the economic sector, benefits and employment status. With&#xd;
the exception of economic sector, the other factors and living wage are associated with these United Nation&amp;apos;s&#xd;
Sustainable Development Goals: 1 (poverty reduction), 8 (decent wage) and 10 (gender parity). In terms of&#xd;
the former, it is argued that the wage gap is a reality in the workplaces because males still earn higher than&#xd;
females. Research show that low-remuneration workers still earn wages that still traps them in poverty, and&#xd;
their working condition are not conducive. A quantitative cross-sectional survey approach was adopted while&#xd;
convenience sampling was used to select respondents (n=205), since the researcher did not have a sampling&#xd;
frame. A validated questionnaire was used to collect the data. Logistic regression was deemed appropriate to&#xd;
use, since the perception of a living wage was binary. The main finding showed a positive relationship between&#xd;
employment status and a living wage while the variables of benefits and economic sector decreased the likelihood&#xd;
of low-income workers to perceive their remuneration as a living wage by 46% and 40% respectively.&#xd;
Additionally, low-income workers who were employed on a permanent basis, were 3.8 times more likely to&#xd;
perceive their remuneration as a living wage. Findings from the study are key for policy makers and researchers&#xd;
as we benchmark the tipping point between paying reasonable wage and profits. The implication is that&#xd;
organisations should offer employees benefits, like medical aid, education, and training, so that they can have&#xd;
medical aid and improve their skills or competency levels; ensure that non-permanent employees work hours&#xd;
that will allow them to afford basic needs while perception studies should be done prior to the implementation&#xd;
of a living wage that is determined by calculating labour economic variables</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="extent">1 online resource (8 pages)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso" lang="en_ZA">en</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="publisher">International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="relation" qualifier="requires">PDF</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Economic sector</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">UCTD</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Employment status</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Gender</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">Living wage</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en_ZA">Low-Income Workers Perceptions About a Living Wage in the Tshwane Municipality</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="type" lang="en_ZA">Article</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="others" element="access-status">open.access</dim:field>
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