<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-25T08:41:47Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:univendspace.univen.ac.za:11602/1500" metadataPrefix="dim">https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:univendspace.univen.ac.za:11602/1500</identifier><datestamp>2025-01-08T08:16:33Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_11602_1928</setSpec><setSpec>com_11602_1914</setSpec><setSpec>com_11602_1897</setSpec><setSpec>com_11602_737</setSpec><setSpec>col_11602_2140</setSpec><setSpec>col_11602_738</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor">Chikoore, H.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor">Korl, E.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author">Nembilwi, Ndamulelo</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date">2019</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2019-10-22T13:02:37Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2019-10-22T13:02:37Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued">2019-09-20</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="citation">Nembilwi, Ndamulelo (2019) Vulnerability and Adaptation to Drought Hazards in Mopani District Municipality, South Africa: Towards Disaster Risk Reduction, University of Venda, South Africa.&amp;lt;http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1500&amp;gt;.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1500</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="vancouvercitation" lang="en_ZA">Nembilwi N. Vulnerability and Adaptation to Drought Hazards in Mopani District Municipality, South Africa: Towards Disaster Risk Reduction. []. , 2019 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1500</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="apacitation" lang="en_ZA">Nembilwi, N. (2019). &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Vulnerability and Adaptation to Drought Hazards in Mopani District Municipality, South Africa: Towards Disaster Risk Reduction&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;. (). . Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1500</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="chicagocitation" lang="en_ZA">Nembilwi, Ndamulelo. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Vulnerability and Adaptation to Drought Hazards in Mopani District Municipality, South Africa: Towards Disaster Risk Reduction.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; ., , 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1500</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="ris" lang="en_ZA">&#xd;
TY  - Dissertation&#xd;
AU  - Nembilwi, Ndamulelo&#xd;
AB  - South Africa was badly affected by the recent 2015/16 severe drought. Water levels in dams&#xd;
declined drastically resulting in decimation of livestock herds and widespread crop failure.&#xd;
Mopani District Municipality is comprised of many agricultural activities that contribute to the&#xd;
economy and social development of the country. The study evaluated the nature of the drought&#xd;
hazard - its impacts, vulnerability and adaptation strategies employed by rural communities of&#xd;
Mopani District. The study used a mixed method approach with both quantitative and&#xd;
qualitative datasets. The district was divided into two distinct climatic areas, the eastern&#xd;
lowveld which includes the Greater-Giyani, Ba-Phalaborwa and Maruleng Local Municipalities&#xd;
and the western highveld which includes Greater- Tzaneen and Greater- Letaba Local&#xd;
Municipalities. Questionnaires were administered among community members whilst key&#xd;
informant interviews were conducted among relevant government and municipal officials.&#xd;
Anomalies in long term climate data were analysed to determine the frequency and intensity&#xd;
of drought in the district. Drought characterisation was done using a Standardised Precipitation&#xd;
and Evapotranspiration Index whilst vegetation anomaly maps, maize yields and dam level&#xd;
data were used to analyse the impacts of drought across the district. Levels of vulnerability to&#xd;
drought were determined using the Household Vulnerability Index. Spatially distinct patterns&#xd;
of drought conditions across the district were remarkable with wet conditions on the western&#xd;
highveld along the escarpment and harsh dry conditions towards the eastern lowveld. It was&#xd;
found that nearly half the time there is some form of drought or another in the district which&#xd;
may be linked to the remote El Nino phenomenon. Community vulnerabilities have a direct&#xd;
impact on human welfare and different strategies are employed to adapt to drought hazards&#xd;
both at community and district levels. The study showed a link between drought hazard extent&#xd;
and vulnerability. Community members are adapting using conservation agriculture, selling&#xd;
fire-wood, accessing boreholes and rearing chickens, amongst other means to survive in these&#xd;
harsh climatic conditions. Local government intervention strategies include supply of seeds&#xd;
and fertilisers, selling fodder at a cheaper price and supplying water using trucks. The findings&#xd;
of this study contribute to disaster risk reduction efforts in Mopani District Municipality&#xd;
DB  - ResearchSpace&#xd;
DP  - Univen&#xd;
KW  - Drought Trends&#xd;
KW  - Vulnerability&#xd;
KW  - Adaptation&#xd;
KW  - Climatic change&#xd;
KW  - Hazard&#xd;
LK  - https://univendspace.univen.ac.za&#xd;
PY  - &#xd;
T1  - Vulnerability and Adaptation to Drought Hazards in Mopani District Municipality, South Africa: Towards Disaster Risk Reduction&#xd;
TI  - Vulnerability and Adaptation to Drought Hazards in Mopani District Municipality, South Africa: Towards Disaster Risk Reduction&#xd;
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1500&#xd;
ER  - &#xd;
</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">MENVSC</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description">Department of Geography and Geo-Information Sciences</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en_US">South Africa was badly affected by the recent 2015/16 severe drought. Water levels in dams&#xd;
declined drastically resulting in decimation of livestock herds and widespread crop failure.&#xd;
Mopani District Municipality is comprised of many agricultural activities that contribute to the&#xd;
economy and social development of the country. The study evaluated the nature of the drought&#xd;
hazard - its impacts, vulnerability and adaptation strategies employed by rural communities of&#xd;
Mopani District. The study used a mixed method approach with both quantitative and&#xd;
qualitative datasets. The district was divided into two distinct climatic areas, the eastern&#xd;
lowveld which includes the Greater-Giyani, Ba-Phalaborwa and Maruleng Local Municipalities&#xd;
and the western highveld which includes Greater- Tzaneen and Greater- Letaba Local&#xd;
Municipalities. Questionnaires were administered among community members whilst key&#xd;
informant interviews were conducted among relevant government and municipal officials.&#xd;
Anomalies in long term climate data were analysed to determine the frequency and intensity&#xd;
of drought in the district. Drought characterisation was done using a Standardised Precipitation&#xd;
and Evapotranspiration Index whilst vegetation anomaly maps, maize yields and dam level&#xd;
data were used to analyse the impacts of drought across the district. Levels of vulnerability to&#xd;
drought were determined using the Household Vulnerability Index. Spatially distinct patterns&#xd;
of drought conditions across the district were remarkable with wet conditions on the western&#xd;
highveld along the escarpment and harsh dry conditions towards the eastern lowveld. It was&#xd;
found that nearly half the time there is some form of drought or another in the district which&#xd;
may be linked to the remote El Nino phenomenon. Community vulnerabilities have a direct&#xd;
impact on human welfare and different strategies are employed to adapt to drought hazards&#xd;
both at community and district levels. The study showed a link between drought hazard extent&#xd;
and vulnerability. Community members are adapting using conservation agriculture, selling&#xd;
fire-wood, accessing boreholes and rearing chickens, amongst other means to survive in these&#xd;
harsh climatic conditions. Local government intervention strategies include supply of seeds&#xd;
and fertilisers, selling fodder at a cheaper price and supplying water using trucks. The findings&#xd;
of this study contribute to disaster risk reduction efforts in Mopani District Municipality</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="sponsorship" lang="en_US">NRF</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="extent">1 online resource (xi, 133 leaves :color illustrations, color maps)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="extent"/>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso" lang="en_US">en</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="relation" qualifier="requires">PDF</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_US">Drought Trends</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_US">Vulnerability</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_US">Adaptation</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_US">Climatic change</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_US">Hazard</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_ZA">UCTD</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="ddc">338.140968257</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="lcsh">Droughts -- South Africa -- Limpopo</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="lcsh">Weather -- South Africa -- Limpopo</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="lcsh">Livestock -- Effect of drought on -- South Africa -- Limpopo</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="lcsh">Plants, Effect of drought on -- South Africa -- Limpopo</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="lcsh">Water -- South Africa -- Limpopo</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="lcsh">Climatic change -- South Africa -- Limpopo</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en_US">Vulnerability and Adaptation to Drought Hazards in Mopani District Municipality, South Africa: Towards Disaster Risk Reduction</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="type" lang="en_US">Dissertation</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="others" element="access-status">open.access</dim:field>
</dim:dim></metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>