Smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa still obtain low grain yields in maize largely due to low soil fertility. The soils are inherently low in nitrogen (N) that is required for the proper development of the maize ...

Seasonal variation and long-term change in climate have a direct impact on the form, scale, spatial and temporal effects on maize farming. Adaptation is key to reducing the effects. Several costs accompany the adaptation ...

Smallholder maize production systems are characterized by continuous maize monoculture production, which often leads to soil degradation, nutrient depletion and increased risk of pests and diseases. The cropping system is ...