Semen extenders are chemical mediums used for preserving, and protecting spermatozoa against different shocks while processing, storing and transportation for use in artificial insemination (Raheja et al., 2018). There are ...

Semen extenders protect sperm from cold shock, osmotic stress, and alterations in membrane fluidity and permeability plus provide energy substrates for sperm metabolism. Egg yolk is one of the most common additives of ...

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L) is highly valued for its oil, which has diverse applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Castor bean oil cake (CBOC) contains high levels of protein, but contains highly toxic compounds ...