Theses and Dissertations
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Browsing Theses and Dissertations by Author "Ingwani, E."
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Item Open Access Application of smart value chain logistics for the small-medium brick manufacturing enterprises of Thohoyandou Town, South Africa(2023-10-05) Mawelewele, Lutendo; Chakwizira, J.; Ingwani, E.The study investigated the smart value chain logistics system application within the domain of the brick-making sector of Thohoyandou town, South Africa. The investigation has revealed new ways of re-imagining the operation of process inventory for produced and finished brick products from the supply chain to the distribution centers within rural towns through the utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platforms applied within the Small-Medium Brick Logistics enterprises. The Small-Medium Brick Enterprises (SMBEs) of Thohoyandou town consist of unlicensed small-scale enterprises and medium-scale enterprises. Little formal documented information was known about these enterprises in terms of the operational mode, production procedures, transportation, and socio-economic impacts on the host communities. The study aimed to demonstrate the application of the Smart Value Chain Logistics approach that could be applied to improve the transportation process in Small-Medium Brick Manufacturing Enterprises in Thohoyandou Town. The main objective was to recommend a smart value chain logistics framework. To analyze the value chain system that seeks to support the Small-Medium Brick Manufacturing Enterprises’ development in the brick-making sector of Thohoyandou town. The study analysis was conducted, where the sample size of the brick manufacturing enterprises in Thohoyandou town was 7 with (100%) responses. The sample size of the key informants from the local municipality and district municipality within the transport and housing departments was 5 with (100%) responses that were analyzed using the SPSS spatial analytical tool. The total sample size of all key respondents was 12. The research methodology selected for the study was the mixed method approach using qualitative and quantitative analysis approaches. The results revealed that the application of the smart value chain logistics framework approach could be adopted to improve the brick-making enterprise’s transport logistics in terms of operational efficiency, and effectiveness of the manufacturing activities.Item Open Access Exploring town-gown developmental paradigms : A case of University of Venda's 'Univen Town concept'(2017-05-18) Moffat, Frank; Anyumba, G.; Ingwani, E.; Gondo, T.University towns or town gown relationships are increasingly becoming an accepted developmental narrative between institutions of higher learning and their host communities. The University of Venda was mandated by the Honourable Minister of Higher Education and Training Dr. Blade Nzimande, in October 2014, to devise a university town strategy aimed at developing Thohoyandou and its rural environs to become a university town. The University of Venda in its approach towards the development of a university town has adopted the new governance approach of formulating innovative collaborative partnerships with its surrounding stakeholders that include Limpopo Premier’s Office, Vhembe District Municipality, Thulamela Local Municipality, VBS Mutual Bank, Madzivhandila Agricultural College and Traditional leaders. The study approach adopted quantitative research method. Its centre piece was the Optimal College Town Assessment (OCTA) a quantitative tool which was utilized to gather data from the representatives of the university and Thohoyandou town stakeholders. To test the town and gown developmental paradigm, this study explored student housing development possibilities as a manifestation of university-community partnerships. The study findings highlight that existing town-gown relationships between the University of Venda and its stakeholders are categorized as traditional relationship type which is characterized by low effort and higher comfort level. Institutional context roles that the University of Venda should play in the successful development of town-gown partnerships were also established. The study identified the factors essential for the development of viable and functional innovative collaborative university-stakeholder’s partnerships for the University of Venda and the town of Thohoyandou and its stakeholders. The study findings also show that there is potential for student housing development when there are positive town-gown relationships. This is in line with the calls from South Africa’s Ministry of Higher Education and Training expectations to resolve student housing backlogs facing public universities. This study recommends the improvement of town-gown relationships and it provides a conceptual model indicating the building blocks that the university should adopt to develop successful, innovative, viable and functional town-gown partnerships.Item Embargo Spatial planning strategies for improving household water service delivery in Schulzendal Village of Nkomazi Local Municipality, South Africa(2025-09-05) Shakoane, Ingiphile Gift; Ingwani, E.; Nyamwanza, S.Household water provision is a local government mandate worldwide. Water service provision is mostly linked to the health of communities. However, in most developing nations, water service delivery is hindered by organisation, governance, financial constraints, and capacity challenges, which are worsened by urbanisation. These are particularly pronounced in rural areas like Schulzendal Village of Nkomazi Local Municipality, South Africa, where household water service delivery remains a persistent problem. The study aim was to investigate spatial planning strategies for improving household water service delivery in Schulzendal Village of Nkomazi Local Municipality. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the condition of household water service delivery in Schulzendal Village of Nkomazi Local Municipality; to determine the challenges faced by Nkomazi Local Municipality in the delivery of household water services to Schulzendal Village and to propose spatial planning strategies for improving household water service delivery. The study was also informed by the Public Goods theory, Central Place Theory and the Principal Agent Theory. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed in this study. Purposive sampling was used to select key informants, including 2 traditional leaders and 5 municipal officials. A convenience sampling method was applied to distribute 253 household questionnaires. Additionally, snowball sampling helped identify respondents that were hard to reach, while participatory observation was conducted to complement the data and gain insights into the community’s household water access experiences. The study revealed that residents of Schulzendal Village are highly unhappy with the condition of water service delivery. Most of the respondents complained of poor infrastructure, poor quality of water and even water supply chain which has a drastic impact on their lives. Challenges of land tenure issues, dilapidated infrastructure, limited municipal funding, corruption, political interference among others were identified as the key challenges faced by Nkomazi Local municipality in the delivery of household water to Schulzendal Village. The study proposed active community engagement in planning and decision-making processes, the development of strategic infrastructure, and the integration of water management priorities into urban planning frameworks among other key approaches as spatial planning strategies for improving water service delivery to Schulzendal village.Item Embargo Spatial planning strategies for sustainable municipal household water service provision: a case study of Thohoyandou Town in Vhembe District Municipality of Limpopo, South Africa(2025-09-05) Mudavhi, Nyadzani Brian; Ingwani, E.; Chakwizira, J.Many towns across South Africa, including Thohoyandou, continue to face significant challenges when it comes to reliable municipal water supply. The root causes often lie in aging or inadequate infrastructure, the pressures of rapid town expansion, and ongoing governance issues that hinder effective service delivery. This study focuses on how spatial planning can play a key role in supporting sustainability and access to household water services in Thohoyandou town. A mixed-methods case study approach was used to explore these issues in depth. Data collection included 382 household questionnaires, interviews with ten municipal officials, direct observation of local water infrastructure, and a thorough review of existing planning documents. Through both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the study assessed the current state of water service delivery and how it relates to the town’s planning processes. The findings point to a range of interconnected problems. The study identified a disconnect between Vhembe District Municipality’s Spatial Development Framework and its Water Services Development Plan. This misalignment has contributed to gaps in infrastructure provision, particularly in newly developed or rapidly growing areas. The study responds to these issues by proposing a more integrated planning approach that would better coordinate rural and town development with water infrastructure needs. This includes aligning spatial development plans with water service strategies, fostering collaboration between planners and engineers, targeting infrastructure upgrades in fast-growing parts of the town, and actively involving communities in decision-making around water services. If these strategies are put into action, Thohoyandou could see a meaningful improvement in both the consistency and fairness of its water supply. Moreover, the proposed framework supports national policy goals laid out in the Spatial Planning and Land Use Act (SPLUMA, 2013) and the National Development Plan 2030. It also aligns with key global goals, including Sustainable Development Goal 6 (clean water and sanitation) and Goal 11 (sustainable cities and communities).Item Embargo Spatial planning strategies to curb emerging informal settlements in Vrede Town, South Africa(2025-09-05) Makananise, Vhuthu Pertunia; Ingwani, E.; Nyamwanza, S.Spatial planning strategies as a sustainable urban strategic framework can advocate for the creation of a compact town with sustainable human settlements. The strategies will address the issues of land invasion and informal settlements that have been a challenge in Vrede town in a quest to create a more sustainable and inclusive town. Vrede town is a small, fast-growing, and developing town that has shown potential in agriculture and light industries. The two sectors have not only attracted Vrede residents but also people from other provinces, as they are situated in the middle of KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng, and Mpumalanga. Not all residents currently have access to adequate basic services; however, the Phumelela Spatial Development Framework has highlighted the need for spatial planning as a strategy to provide these services to residents easily. Mixed-use development within the town, along with infill development of existing sites, will attract investors and developers, creating employment opportunities and enhancing the town's economy. It is crucial to use space sustainably and efficiently, guided by policies, as this will eradicate urban sprawl, which has been a persistent challenge in town to date.Item Embargo Spatial Planning Strategies to Improve Sustainable Household Solid Waste Collection Practices In Peri-Urban Villages Of Small Towns: A Case Study Of Thohoyandou In Thulamela Local Municipality, South Africa.(2025-09-05) Mutwanamba, Pfariso; Ingwani, E.; Chakwizira, J.Globally, the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is rising at an alarming rate, with projections indicating an increase from 2.01 billion tonnes in 2016 to 3.40 billion tonnes by 2050. This surge, driven by urbanisation, population growth, and changing consumption patterns, presents a pressing challenge for developed and developing nations. Among the most critical components of MSW is household solid waste, which constitutes a significant share of total waste volumes and demands effective collection and management systems to safeguard public health and environmental sustainability. However, in many developing contexts, particularly in peri-urban areas, the delivery of solid waste collection services remains inconsistent, inefficient, and unsustainable. The study investigates how spatial planning principles can be leveraged to address systemic challenges in household waste collection. The research was guided by the following objectives: 1. Characterise the current household solid waste collection practices in peri-urban villages of Thohoyandou town. 2. Identify factors that impede sustainable household solid waste collection in peri-urban villages of Thohoyandou town. 3. Propose sustainable strategies for household solid waste collection practices in peri-urban villages of Thohoyandou town. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining qualitative and spatial data collection techniques. Primary data were gathered through field observations, semi-structured interviews, and household surveys, while secondary data included policy documents, spatial plans, and maps. The study applied spatial analysis tools to assess settlement patterns, road networks, and service coverage. The methodology enabled a detailed understanding of current collection practices and the spatial factors influencing their effectiveness. The findings reveal that irregular waste collection, limited municipal resources, poor road access, and scattered settlements significantly hinder sustainable household solid waste management in the study area. Moreover, the absence of spatial planning in waste management policy results in service inefficiencies and environmental risks. Therefore, the recommendations emphasise implementing local waste management policies, introducing municipal solid waste collection levies, formalising waste collectors, improving collection efficiency, promoting recycling, integrating new technologies, and adopting a data-driven approach for sustainable waste management. These strategies aim to address identified gaps in governance, infrastructure, and community engagement, enhancing overall service delivery in Muledane and Maniini. These insights have important implications for planners, policymakers, and local municipalities. Integrating spatial planning into waste management can promote service equity, environmental sustainability, and community well-being. This research contributes a practical framework for designing inclusive and sustainable household solid waste collection systems tailored to peri-urban contexts in small towns across South Africa and similar settings globally.Item Open Access Spatial transformation in the City of Polokwane, South Africa (1996-2016)(2021-06-23) Moffat, Frank; Chakwizira, J.; Ingwani, E.; Bikam, P.The World urban population is increasing rapidly, in a context in which small, intermediate towns and cities have been found to be inadequately prepared to manage such pressures. One area in which cities have been underperforming is tracking spatial transformation. This study explores spatial transformation in the City of Polokwane from 1996 to 2016. The problem in the study area is that City of Polokwane lacks an integrated framework for tracking spatial transformation. The objectives of the study were to, (i) analyse the legislative and policy framework directions for spatial transformation in the City of Polokwane (ii) map spatial transformation in Polokwane City using spatial indicators, (iii) analyse the drivers of spatial transformation in the City of Polokwane (iii) establish the implications of spatial transformation in the City of Polokwane and (iv) develop an integrated framework for tracking spatial transformation in small and intermediate cities in South Africa. A pragmatic paradigm philosophical approach underpins the study, supplemented by mixed methods research approach and case study strategy. The sample size for the study comprised of 588 households, it was calculated using the Raosoft online sample size calculator. The sampling procedures adopted in this study include purposive sampling, snow ball sampling and stratified random sampling method, resulting in the proportional distribution of the sample in the following nodal areas; Polokwane (327), Seshego (184) and Mankweng (77). The primary data sources for this study included; household spatial transformation questionnaire survey, key expert interviews, observations, and mapping. Secondary data sources included institutional documents and records, key spatial transformation textbooks, geospatial data sets, internet and library datasets where the researcher accessed relevant information on spatial transformation in the City of Polokwane. Data analysis on the 116 mesozones polygons that are linked to the GIS databases containing 1996, 2001, 2011, 2016 census data was guided by the dimensions of spatial transformation mapping triad linked to relevant spatial indicators. The spatial indicators employed agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis, to generate choropleth thematic maps using ArcGIS depicting empirical spatial transformation in the City of Polokwane from 1996 to 2016. Quantitative data analysis was aided with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) for descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), to determine the drivers and implication of spatial transformation in the City of Polokwane. Qualitative data analysis in this study employed content analysis to gain an in depth understanding of spatial transformation and guide development of an integrated framework for tracking spatial transformation in small and intermediate cities. This was augmented with the use of Atlas.ti, for generating word cloud guided by deductive reasoning approach, and research questions from the study within the purview of critical discourse theoretical framework. The findings for the study provide the following contributions to knowledge on spatial transformation; (i) legislative and policy directions on spatial transformation in the City of Polokwane (ii) maps showing empirical evidence on spatial transformations in the City of Polokwane (1996-2016) (iii) drivers of spatial transformation in the City of Polokwane (iv) social, environmental, economic, government/policy and spatial planning implications of spatial transformation in the City of Polokwane (v) an integrated framework for tracking spatial transformation in small and intermediate cities in South Africa.