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Browsing Institutes/ Centres by Author "Khwashaba, M. P"
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Item Open Access Challenges faced by HIV positive pregnant mothers in accessing ARVS : a case study of Tshirenzheni Village at Thulamela Municipality of Vhembe District(2015-07-17) Tshidzumba, Mukondeleli Elisabeth; Khwashaba, M. P; Mahole, EThe study focuses on the investigation of the challenges faced by HIV positive pregnant mothers in accessing ARVS. Guided by the Department of health policy which provided guidelines in how to deaf and assist positive mothers the study was undertaken to check if positive mothers in the area are complying with the strategies and women know their status in advanced. In the area under investigation the research�r realized that there are challenges that women facin& among them; challenges to reaching the women in need of PMTCT, a risk of the transmission of HIV, assessment of antiviral therapy for expectant mothers and her new baby. To arrive at the hospital at the advance stage of labour, these challenges included some .Ii socio demographic factors, that some women who tested positive drop out of PMTCT programmes for fear of discrimination and rejection by male partners as well as difficulties of some women in the rural areas faces in reaching clinics following onset of Jabour particularly during the night which leads to their delivery at home or arrive at the hospital at an advance stage. In some cases it is found that women Jacking symptoms did not feel the need to taking ARVs while some develop a stigma and fear of disclosure to partners and family members which act as major barriers to uptake of PMTCT ARV interventions. The national HIV counselling and campaign shows greater impact as more HIV positive know their status at booking however two thirds still do not know their status when booking. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. For research design the researcher used field study. A non-probability sampling and its subtype purposive sampling method was used to select the respondents. Two data collected instruments were used to collect data, namely, questionnaire and interview. For data analysis, two data analysis methods were u·sed, which are statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 and the thematic analysis. Various ethical considerations were applied in the study. Major findings of the study are: Majority of the respondent in the study revealed that HIV positive pregnant mothers receive PMTCT. The study focused out that HIV positive pregnant mothers take AR'S to protect their unborn babies. The researcher found that Majority of the respondents revealed that information is given on ARVs to HIV positive pregnant mothers. The finding shows us that HIV p�sitive pregnant mothers receive support from the families wherein resp�n9J�d that they agree th�t the famili�s support the HIV positive pregnant -I mothers. This percentage is high and indicates the family involvement in assisting HIV I positive pregnant mothers. The health facilities are user friendly to HIV positive pregnant mothers indicated by high percentage. Though such facility functions only during the day and they close during the night. The findings show that the community is involved in supporting of HIV positive pregnant mothers with high percentage. The recommendations of the study are: The study was conducted in a small village. The study must be conducted which can cover the entire ward 28 of Thulamela Municipality. Further study must he done which can includes more respondents from other municipality. The mobile teams must be trained on PMTC T and NIMART to be able to test initiate client at the community level. The Department of health needs to ensure that all clinics operate for 24 hours with enough staff which can cover day and night shift.Item Open Access Schools principal leadership styles in selected public secondary schools in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province(2015-07-17) Mudimeli, Nyambeni Ronald; Mahole, E; Khwashaba, M. PThe purpose of this study is to determine the effect of principal leadership styles on school performance in the Vhembe District, Limpopo. Education in South Africa is currently going through various reforms. Previous studies and statistics have noted evidence of poor performance in public school in the Post-Apartheid South Africa. This study sought to analyse the leadership styles of principals and school performance of secondary schools in Vhembe District, Limpopo. The study was carried out using the mixed methodology model. The mixed model design combines qualitative and quantitative approaches within different phases of the research process. In this regards, two phases of data collection instruments were employed. The first phase focused on the collection of data through questionnaires. The questionnaires were used to assess the effect of principal leadership styles on school performance as perceived by the principal themselves and teachers who are members of the School Management Team. The second phase of the investigation focused on the collection of data through interview. The interview schedules were used to assess the effect of principal leadership styles on school performance as perceived by the principals themselves. This study has shown that principals' leadership style is a critical variable in school performance. The study has also revealed that autocratic leadership style is the most practiced style by school principals in the Vhembe District, Limpopo. The study has further established that the inappropriate choice of leadership styles by school principals affects the school learning culture which has an effect on learner's results. Both literature review and empirical research have confirmed that principals of good performing schools are flexible when practicing leadership styles. This research has established that unless principals are well equipped with knowledge, skills and principles of leadership, they will not be able to improve school performance. Considering the findings of this study, it is recommended that school principals should imbibe a mixture of different leadership styles at their schools. It was also noted that the principals' leadership style is a critical variable in school performance. Therefore, the researcher recommends that the Department of Education should make it compulsory for school principal to go for refresher courses on Leadership skills ad principles. The researcher further recommends the Department of Education to give educators opportunity to further their studies in line with their professional development.